Figure 1.

G-CSF treatment prior to bilateral IRI attenuates AKI. (A) G-CSF or PBS was administered to B6 mice prior to IRI or sham operation. Kidneys and the spleens were harvested on day 1, and blood was extracted on days 1, 3, 5, and 10 after IRI. (B) Changes in levels of plasma creatinine and BUN after IRI. n=3–8 per group at each time point. (C) Renal tissue injury scores and renal tubular apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated digoxigenin-deoxyuridine nick-end labeling [TUNEL]) were measured on day 1 after IRI. Magnification, ×200. (D) Absolute numbers of CD45⁺ leukocytes, F4/80⁺CD11b⁺ macrophages, CD3⁺ T cells, and CD19⁺ B cells that infiltrated into the kidneys. Proportions of renal CD4⁺forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)⁺ Tregs among CD4⁺ T cells. (E) Renal levels of IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-12p70, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10. (F) mRNA expression of C-type lectin domain family 7 member A (Clec7a; encoding Dectin-1), Cd206, Arg1, Il10, and iNos in renal tissues normalized to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase expression. (G) ROS production (DCF-DA) in renal CD11b⁺Gr-1⁺ leukocytes on day 1 after IRI or sham operation. Lines and whiskers in dot plots indicate (B–F) the mean and SEM, respectively, or (G) the median and interquartile range, respectively. B/L, bilateral; DCF, dichlorofluorescein; HPF, high-power field; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity. *P=0.05 for PBS/IRI group versus G-CSF/IRI group; **P=0.01 for PBS/IRI group versus G-CSF/IRI group; ^#P=0.05 for PBS/sham group versus G-CSF/sham group (t test in [B–F]; Mann–Whitney test in [G]); ^##P=0.01 for PBS/sham group versus G-CSF/sham group (t test in [B–F]; Mann–Whitney test in [G]).