Table 4.

Relationship among dark-green vegetables intake, vitamin A, and emphysema.

Vitamin	Vitamin A	Dark green veg	Note
Model 1	0.69 (0.47,1.00) P-val: 0.05	0.75 (0.35,1.61) P-val: 0.46	Vitamin A and dark green veg are significantly associated (P-val: < 0.0001)
Model 2	–	0.70 (0.32,1.52) P-val: 0.36
Model 3	0.67 (0.44,1.00) P-val: 0.05	–

The estimates are the odds of lung disease associated with consumption of recommended vitamins dose compared to those that did not consume recommended vitamin dose.

The model is adjusted for: Adjusted for Age, gender (reference = “Male”), and ethnicity (reference = “Non-Hispanic White”), BMI, smoking status (reference = “Never Smoked”), heavy drinking status (reference = “No”), education level (reference = “College Graduate or Above”), marital status (reference = “Married or Living with Partner”), Cadmium exposure, and total energy intake.