Table 1.
Participant Baseline Demographics, Clinical, and CSF Findings by Disease Category
| Characteristics | Cryptococcal Meningitis | TBM (Confirmed) | TBM (Probable) | Unknown Othera |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 198 | 40 | 22 | 88 |
| Age, years | 35 [29–42] | 32 [28–36] | 38 [30–48] | 37 [30–44] |
| Women | 79 (40%) | 17 (43%) | 11 (50%) | 40 (45%) |
| HIV Factors | ||||
| CD4+ T cells/μL | 23 [8–70] | 72 [41–111] | 55 [22–186] | 205 [45–340] |
| Currently on ART | 91 (46%) | 17 (43%) | 8 (38%) | 51 (58%) |
| Months on ARTb | 2.3 [0.6–29.4] | 2.2 [0.7–27.9] | 1.5 [0.5–11.3] | 6.9 [1.6–73.9] |
| Clinical | ||||
| Fever | 77 (52%) | 34 (97%) | 20 (91%) | 46 (68%) |
| Headache | 190 (98%) | 34 (94%) | 15 (68%) | 61 (76%) |
| Duration of headache | 14 [7–21] | 14 [8–21] | 14 [7–21] | 14 [7–30] |
| Focal neurologic deficit | 7 (4%) | 15 (38%) | 8 (36%) | 21 (24%) |
| Wasting | 81 (42%) | 23 (58%) | 13 (59%) | 35 (41%) |
| Glasgow come score <15 | 70 (35%) | 36 (92%) | 19 (86%) | 45 (52%) |
| Seizure | 41 (30%) | 11 (38%) | 4 (21%) | 23 (38%) |
| Weight, kg | 52 [45–60] | 55 [45–58] | 53 [50–60] | 50 [50–59] |
| Cough | 56 (39%) | 25 (74%) | 10 (53%) | 39 (61%) |
| Night sweatsc | 31 (25%) | 22 (85%) | 13 (72%) | 24 (44%) |
| Baseline CSF Results | ||||
| Opening pressure, cm H2O | 23 [14–32] | 19 [10–29] | 15 [10–24] | 18 [12–23] |
| Opening pressure <20 cm H2O | 66 (38%) | 16 (52%) | 10 (67%) | 40 (62%) |
| Total WBC count cells μL | <5 [<5–50] | 30 [<5–220] | <5 [<5–200] | <5 [<5–30] |
| Total WBC count <5 μL | 117 (60%) | 17 (45%) | 11 (52%) | 61 (71%) |
| CSF protein, mg/dL | 69 [36–100] | 128 [61–200] | 88 [31–151] | 68 [28–111] |
| CSF WBC <5 μL and protein <45 mg/dL | 51 (28%) | 5 (15%) | 4 (20%) | 26 (36%) |
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range; TBM, tuberculous meningitis; WBC, white blood cells.
NOTE: Data are n (%) or median [IQR].
aIncludes possible and nontuberculous meningitis diagnoses.
bAmong those on ART at diagnosis.
cData on night sweats were only available for 122 of cryptococcosis, 26 definite TB meningitis, 18 probable TB meningitis, and 54 other.