Table 1.
Demographic and clinical information of subjects in the meta-analysis.
| Study | Experimental group | Control group | Outcome measure | Treatment type | ES | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N1 | Mean age (years) | Age range (years) | Sex (M/F) | N2 | Mean age (years) | Age range (years) | Sex (M/F) | Control group | Experimental group | |||
| (Zhang et al., 2011) | 30 | NA | NA | 16/14 | 30 | NA | NA | 15/15 | SCL-90 | Wait list | Taoist cognitive therapy | 0.37 |
| (Wang and Xu, 2005) | 31 | 65 | 43-76 | 14/17 | 31 | 64 | 36–78 | 16/15 | HAMD | Pharmacological therapy (Fluoxetine 20 mg/day) | Taoist cognitive therapy + Fluoxetine | 0.27 |
| (Liu and Yu, 2015)a | 30 | NA | NA | 15/15 | 30 | NA | NA | 15/15 | HAMD | Pharmacological therapy (Paroxetine 20 mg/day) | Taoist cognitive therapy + Paroxetine | 19.98 |
| (Zhou et al., 2011) | 39 | 67.1 ± 7.5 | ≥60 | 18/21 | 38 | 66.5 ± 8.4 | ≥60 | 20/18 | HAMD | Pharmacological therapy (Fluoxetine 20 mg/day) | Taoist cognitive therapy + Fluoxetine | 0.55 |
| (Mao and Xiong, 2007) | 26 | 56.2 ± 2.3 | 50–62 | 18/8 | 23 | 55.4 ± 3.4 | 49–63 | 15/8 | HAMD | Pharmacological therapy (Fluoxetine) | Taoist cognitive therapy + Fluoxetine | 0.33 |
| (Yang et al., 2005) | 35 | 64.5 ± 7.9 | 60–75 | 20/15 | 33 | 63.5 ± 8.5 | 60–72 | 19/14 | HAMD | Pharmacological therapy (Mianserin 30–45 mg/day) | Taoist cognitive therapy + Mianserin | 1.00 |
| (Li and Chen, 2009) | 23 | 35.1 ± 12 | NA | 15/8 | 18 | 34.2 ± 11 | NA | 7/11 | SCL-90 | Other psychological therapy (Hypnotherapy) | Taoist cognitive therapy | −0.24 |
| 20 | 36.1 ± 10 | NA | 8/12 | Other psychological therapy (Hypnotherapy) | Taoist cognitive therapy + Hypnotherapy | −1.09 | ||||||
| (Zhang et al., 2000) | 49 | 36.3 ± 10.1 | NA | 29/20 | 48 | 33.6 ± 10.8 | NA | 23/25 | SCL-90 | Pharmacological therapy | Taoist cognitive therapy | −0.23 |
| 46 | 34.6 ± 13 | NA | 28/18 | Pharmacological therapy | Taoist cognitive therapy + Pharmacological therapy | −1.10 | ||||||
| (Huang et al., 2017a) | 75 | 60 ± 5 | NA | 46/29 | 75 | 61 ± 6 | NA | 45/30 | HAMD, HAMA | Wait list | Taoist cognitive therapy | 4.52 |
| (Huang et al., 2017b) | 50 | 65 ± 9 | NA | 31/19 | 50 | 66 ± 11 | NA | 32/18 | HAMD, HAMA | Wait list | Taoist cognitive therapy | 3.90 |
| (Li et al., 2018)b | 28 | NA | NA | NA | 32 | NA | NA | NA | HAMD | Wait list | Taoist cognitive therapy | 1.79 |
ES, effect size; F, Female; HAMA, Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety; HAMD, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; M, Male; m, month; N, Number; NA, not available; SCL-90, Symptomchecklist90.
a
, The mean age of all the included participants was 65 years, ranging from 50–82 years, and detailed information of each group was not specified;
b
, 34 men and 26 women were included in this study, and the mean age of all the participants was 54.3 ± 13.7 years, ranging from 34–89. Detailed information of each group is not available.