Table 1.
Description of study cohort by migraine status and covariates.
| Entire cohort n = 150,710 |
No migraine n = 138,942 |
Migraine without aura n = 10,228 |
Migraine with aura n = 1540 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics and baseline informationa | ||||
| Age | 54.44 ± 16.52 | 54.94 ± 16.56 | 48.86 ± 14.83 | 46.35 ± 14.21 |
| Male | 68,702 (45.6%) | 66,425 (47.8%) | 1991 (19.5%) | 286 (18.6%) |
| Female | 82,008 (54.4%) | 72,517 (52.2%) | 8237 (80.5%) | 1254 (81.4%) |
| Body mass index | 28.45 ± 6.99 | 28.41 ± 6.91 | 28.96 ± 7.90 | 28.32 ± 7.43 |
| American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status | 2.00 (2.00, 3.00) | 2.00 (2.00, 3.00) | 2.00 (2.00, 3.00) | 2.00 (2.00, 3.00) |
| Medicare or Medicaid insurance coverage | 58,075 (38.5%) | 53,846 (38.8%) | 3674 (35.9%) | 555 (36.0%) |
| Emergent surgery | 6066 (4.0%) | 5653 (4.1%) | 364 (3.6%) | 49 (3.2%) |
| Characteristics of index admissiona | ||||
| Inpatient | 94,581 (62.8%) | 87,373 (62.9%) | 6328 (61.9%) | 880 (57.1%) |
| Intensive care unit stay during index admission | 14,384 (9.5%) | 13,635 (9.8%) | 658 (6.4%) | 91 (5.9%) |
| Sepsis upon index admission | 1897 (1.3%) | 1811 (1.3%) | 73 (0.7%) | 13 (0.8%) |
| Adverse discharge1 | 10,522 (7.0%) | 10,039 (7.2%) | 433 (4.2%) | 50 (3.2%) |
| Hospital length of stay | 5.27 ± 8.34 | 5.33 ± 8.44 | 4.52 ± 6.75 | 4.73 ± 9.01 |
| Patient historya | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 21,494 (14.3%) | 19,982 (14.4%) | 1313 (12.8%) | 199 (12.9%) |
| Hypertension | 64,049 (42.5%) | 59,502 (42.8%) | 3954 (38.7%) | 593 (38.5%) |
| Coronary artery disease | 17,975 (11.9%) | 16,978 (12.2%) | 864 (8.4%) | 133 (8.6%) |
| Congestive heart failure | 9468 (6.3%) | 8939 (6.4%) | 454 (4.4%) | 75 (4.9%) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 10,297 (6.8%) | 9611 (6.9%) | 603 (5.9%) | 83 (5.4%) |
| Stroke | 5502 (3.7%) | 4954 (3.6%) | 452 (4.4%) | 96 (6.2%) |
| Substance abuse | 20,051 (13.3%) | 18,264 (13.1%) | 1550 (15.2%) | 237 (15.4%) |
| Intra- and perioperative characteristicsa | ||||
| Work RVUs2 | 14.45 (8.05, 21.86) | 14.45 (8.05, 21.87) | 14.30 (8.89, 21.84) | 12.13 (7.50, 18.46) |
| Hypotensive minutes | 0.00 (0.00, 2.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 2.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 2.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 1.00) |
| Long-acting opioids ED3 | 3.40 (0.00, 7.93) | 3.40 (0.00, 7.93) | 4.00 (0.00, 8.50) | 3.40 (0.00, 8.50) |
| Intraoperative fluids (ml)4 | 1,200.00 (800.00, 2000.00) | 1200.00 (800.00, 2000.00) | 1250.00 (800.00, 2000.00) | 1100.00 (750.00, 2000.00) |
| NDNMBAs ED5 | 2.28 (0.81, 3.61) | 2.28 (0.83, 3.62) | 2.26 (0.70, 3.64) | 2.17 (0.00, 3.33) |
| Required intraoperative packed red blood cells | 5053 (3.4%) | 4808 (3.5%) | 221 (2.2%) | 24 (1.6%) |
| Opioids prescribed within 30 d after surgery | 95,346 (63.3%) | 87,741 (63.1%) | 6639 (64.9%) | 966 (62.7%) |
Values provided as frequency (prevalence in %) or mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range [25th to 75th percentile], values separated by comma).
Discharge to nursing facility, long term care or swing bed (skilled nursing facility bed provided by small hospitals).
Work relative value units based on surgical CPT (Current Procedural Terminology) codes.
Morphine oral equivalent dose of long-acting opioids (meperidine, morphine, methadone, hydromorphone).
Crystalloids (0.9% normal saline, lactated Ringer’s) and colloids (hextend, albumin) in crystalloid-to-colloid ratio 1.5:1.
Multiples of the 95% effective dose equivalent of intraoperatively administered neuromuscular blocking agents.