Table 2.
Characteristics of sample and outcomes by child physical abuse status
| Characteristics | No physical abuse (N = 1330)a | Non-severe physical abuse (N = 217)a | Severe physical abuse (N = 346)a | Test statistic |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Young adult characteristics | ||||
| Mental health, M (s.d.) | 53.06 (7.52)a | 52.22 (7.25)a | 49.73 (9.85)b | F (2, 1890) = 25.57*** |
| Physical health, M (s.d.) | 53.35 (6.48)a | 52.44 (7.28)ab | 52.11 (7.86)b | F (2, 1890) = 5.56** |
| Life satisfaction, M (s.d.) | 37.57 (4.72)a | 36.85 (4.83)a | 34.63 (6.33)b | F (2, 1890) = 49.24*** |
| Alcohol problem | 16.9%a | 14.0%a | 20.8%a | χ2(2, N = 1893) = 4.87 |
| Illegal drug problem | 14.7%a | 14.3%ab | 20.7%b | χ2(2, N = 1893) = 8.17* |
| Daily smoking | 23.7%a | 19.6%a | 32.8%b | χ2(2, N = 1893) = 16.46*** |
| Family SES, M (s.d.) | 0.15 (1.75)a | 0.09 (2.32)a | −0.43 (1.80)b | F (2, 1890) = 14.89*** |
| Childhood family characteristics | ||||
| Family SES, M (s.d.) | 0.33 (3.75)a | −0.13 (3.69)ab | −0.79 (4.08)b | F (2, 1890) = 12.88*** |
| Urban residence | 66.0%a | 68.3%a | 73.0%a | χ2(2, N = 1893) = 6.54* |
| Low income | 18.3%a | 21.2%a | 32.5%b | χ2(2, N = 1893) = 35.01*** |
| Mother <21 years at first birth | 8.6%a | 13.0%ab | 13.9%b | χ2(2, N = 1893) = 11.13** |
| Parental adversity | 22.8%a | 26.0%ab | 30.1%b | χ2(2, N = 1893) = 8.48* |
| Childhood individual status and health | ||||
| Male child | 49.7%a | 56.7%a | 55.7%a | χ2(2, N = 1893) = 6.55* |
| Age in 1983, M (s.d.) | 9.88 (3.68)a | 10.77 (3.61)b | 10.33 (3.89)b | F (2, 1890) = 6.32** |
| Functional limitation | 3.2%a | 7.2%b | 7.0%b | χ2(2, N = 1893) = 14.67*** |
| Psychiatric disorder | 9.0%a | 16.8%b | 16.5%b | χ2(2, N = 1893) = 23.20*** |
| Grade repetition | 9.5%a | 10.5%ab | 15.3%b | χ2(2, N = 1893) = 10.35** |
SES, socioeconomic status.
aUnweighted number. Weighted analysis.
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
Means and percentages with different subscripts within the same row differ significantly at p < 0.01.