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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 30.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Psychiatry. 2018 Aug 17;24(5):694–709. doi: 10.1038/s41380-018-0219-x

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Sites of action of scopolamine’s rapid antidepressant-like effects within cholinergic circuitry. Rodent studies have shown that acute scopolamine treatment can induce fast-onset antidepressant effects when administered within the mPFC, nAC, and VTA (shown in yellow). Cholinergic innervation of the mPFC and VTA is supplied by the basal forebrain and brainstem cholinergic systems, respectively. The only source of acetylcholine within the nAC comes from local cholinergic interneurons (shown in red). Abbreviations: nAC, nucleus accumbens; mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex; VTA, ventral tegmental area; MS, medial septal nucleus; vDB, vertical diagonal band; NBM, nucleus basalis of Meynert; SI, substantia innominata; LDT, laterodorsal tegmental nucleus; PPT, pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus.