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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 30.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Nutr Food Res. 2018 Jan 25;62(4):10.1002/mnfr.201700536. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201700536

Figure 4. AMPK mediates PPE-enhanced intestinal epithelial differentiation and barrier function.

Figure 4.

Caco-2 cells were transfected with CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids with PRKAA1 sgRNA (AMPK KO) or corresponding scramble control (SC) sequences to delete AMPK (−) or not (+), then treated with 0 (−) or 10 μg/ml PPE (+). (A) Protein content of p-AMPK. (B) Protein contents of CDX2. (C) Protein contents of villin, E-cadherin and occludin. (D) Activity of alkaline phosphatase. (E) Transepithelial electrical resistance of Caco-2 cells. (F) FD4-dextran intestinal epithelial permeability at 21-day post incubation. CON: Caco-2 cells without PPE treatment; AMPK KO: Caco-2 cells with AMPK KO; AMPK KO + PPE: Caco-2 cells with AMPK KO treated with 10 μg/ml PPE. Mean ± SEM, n = 3. Differing letters denote statistical differences in multiple comparison tests.