Table 3.

Multivariable Adjusted Odds Ratios of Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Resistance Among Children With Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infections^a

Patient Characteristic	Odds Ratio (95% CI )	P Value
Female sex	1.33 (.82–2.17)	.25
Race
White	Reference	…
African American	1.05 (.58–1.92)	.87
Asian	1.98 (.53–7.45)	.31
Other	1.57 (.28–8.88)	.61
Age at time of culture (y)	1.00 (.97–1.03)	.96
Born outside United States	0.69 (.36–1.30)	.25
Intestinal transplantationb	2.73 (1.62–4.59)	<.001
Central catheter	0.96 (.51–1.80)	.90
Vasopressors	1.06 (.60–1.87)	.84
Mechanical ventilation	1.36 (.72–2.57)	.34
Admitted to the intensive care unit	1.35 (.82–2.21)	.23
Culture with CPT resistance within 6 mo	1.91 (1.16–3.16)	.01
Culture with carbapenem resistance within 6 mo	1.09 (.52–2.26)	.82
Prior admissionsc	1.18 (.97–1.43	.10
Time since prior discharge (mo)	1.02 (.99–1.06)	.20
No. of prior gram-negative bloodstream infections	1.07 (1.01–1.13)	.02
Time in hospital before culture (d)	1.00 (1.00–1.01)	.04
Antibiotic therapy ≥7 d within 6 mo
3rd-Generation cephalosporin	0.92 (.48–1.79)	.81
Cefepime	1.37 (.87–2.17)	.18
Piperacillin-tazobactam	1.04 (.67–1.61)	.88
Carbapenem	2.74 (1.54–4.88)	.001
Fluoroquinolone	0.77 (.39–1.52)	.45

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CPT, cefepime or piperacillin-tazobactam.

^aBroad-spectrum antibiotic resistance defined as resistance to cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, or carbapenems.

^bIntestinal transplantation was analyzed as a binary variable (either undergoing intestinal transplantation or not), because other diagnostic groups did not show a relationship with the outcome in the univariable analysis shown in Table 1.

^cPrior admissions were analyzed as ordinal categories as shown in the univariable table in Table 2 (0 , 1–4, 5–9, 10–14, or ≥15 prior admissions), because there was a dose-response relationship in the univariable analysis shown in Table 1.