Table 3.
Logistic regression estimates of the likelihood of migration (to any destination).
| Measures | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caste/ethnicity | ||||
| Brahmin-Chhetri | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Newar | 1.14 (0.86) | 1.19 (1.15) | 1.20 (1.22) | 1.20 (1.23) |
| Hill Janajati | 1.05 (0.42) | 1.15 (1.22) | 1.15 (1.23) | 1.14 (1.25) |
| Dalit | 0.99 (0.5) | 1.09 (0.65) | 1.05 (0.38) | 1.05 (0.35) |
| Terai Janajati | 0.69** (3.02) | 0.78* (1.96) | 0.75* (2.23) | 0.75* (2.27) |
| Individual characteristics | ||||
| Gender (1=female) | 0.43*** (10.11) | 0.45*** (9.40) | 0.46*** (8.62) | 0.46*** (8.59) |
| Age: 14–19 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 20–24 | 1.97*** (6.53) | 1.80*** (5.26) | 1.74*** (4.93) | 1.74*** (4.95) |
| 25–29 | 0.97 (0.17) | 0.91 (0.58) | 0.86 (0.88) | 0.86 (0.90) |
| 30–34 | 0.61** (2.76) | 0.60** (2.73) | 0.56** (3.07) | 0.57** (2.96) |
| 35–39 | 0.37*** (4.84) | 0.38*** (4.54) | 0.36*** (4.81) | 0.36*** (4.79) |
| 40+ | 0.12*** (11.0) | 0.14*** (9.52) | 0.13*** (9.76) | 0.13*** (9.64) |
| Ever married | 0.72** (2.60) | 0.76* (2.14) | 0.76* (2.20) | 0.75* (2.23) |
| Personal migration experience: None | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Domestic migration only | 1.54*** (3.68) | 1.58*** (3.89) | 1.57*** (3.80) | 1.56*** (3.76) |
| Any International migration | 2.67*** (7.77) | 2.71*** (7.77) | 2.59*** (7.04) | 2.56*** (7.02) |
| Education: no school | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| 1–5 years of school | 1.87** (3.17) | 1.83** (3.04) | 1.86** (3.11) | |
| 6–8 years of school | 1.61* (2.43) | 1.58* (2.34) | 1.60* (2.37) | |
| 9–10 years of school | 1.91** (3.23) | 1.90** (3.19) | 1.90** (3.18) | |
| 11+ years of school | 2.16*** (3.90) | 2.14*** (3.82) | 2.14*** (3.77) | |
| Work experience: None | Ref | Ref | ||
| Wage work only | 1.16 (1.54) | 1.16 (1.49) | ||
| Any salary work | 1.23+ (1.79) | 1.22+ (1.74) | ||
| Household characteristics | ||||
| Total # of HH members | 0.93* (2.42) | 0.92** (2.62) | 0.92** (2.66) | 0.92** (2.66) |
| Log % HH member migration | 1.03 (0.84) | 1.03 (0.75) | 1.03 (0.86) | 1.04 (0.90) |
| Household Resources | 0.99 (0.27) | |||
| Relative HH Resources: Lower Third | Ref | |||
| Middle Third | 1.02 (0.16) | |||
| Upper Third | 1.04 (0.26) | |||
| Neighborhood characteristics | ||||
| Distance to Narayanghat (miles) | 1.01 (1.27) | 1.01 (1.34) | 1.02 (1.36) | 1.02 (1.50) |
| Log % NBH member migration | 1.05 (0.35) | 1.03 (0.21) | 1.05 (0.33) | 1.09 (0.62) |
| Number of P Periods | 193233 | 193233 | 193233 | 193233 |
| Number of Moves | 722 | 722 | 722 | 722 |
| Fit Statistics | ||||
| AIC | 8821.16 | 8809.24 | 8808.87 | 8814.32 |
| −2 Log L | 8783.16 | 8763.24 | 8758.87 | 8760.32 |
Odds ratios (OR) shown. Z-statistics in parentheses.
Significance:
+
p<0.10
*
p<0.05
**
p<0.01
***
p<0.001
One-tailed tests for caste/ethnicity, two- tailed tests for controls.