Table 4.

Multinomial logistic regression estimates of destination choice. All respondents included (4406 people). Reference outcome is No Migration.

	Model 5				Model 6
Measures	Within Nepal	India	Persian Gulf	WWA	Within Nepal	India	Persian Gulf	WWA
*Caste/ethnicity*
Brahmin-Chhetri	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Newar	1.38⁺ (1.57)	1.92⁺ (1.45)	0.60 (1.04)	0.51⁺ (1.37)	1.42^* (1.68)	1.57 (.99)	0.53 (1.23)	0.58 (1.09)
Hill Janajati	0.99 (.08)	2.94^*** (3.91)	1.36 (1.20)	0.53^* (1.82)	0.99 (.08)	2.06^** (2.45)	1.15 (.51)	0.75 (.79)
Dalit	0.74⁺ (1.47)	1.73^* (1.67)	1.94^** (2.54)	0.38^* (2.16)	0.72⁺ (1.47)	1.04 (.10)	1.44 (1.24)	0.71 (.71)
Terai Janajati	0.43^*** (4.64)	0.63⁺ (1.37)	0.48^** (2.72)	0.28^*** (3.35)	0.41^*** (4.61)	0.41^** (2.49)	0.34^*** (3.64)	0.51^* (1.67)
*Individual characteristics*
Gender (1=female)	1.08 (.57)	0.33^*** (4.56)	0.70^*** (10.2)	0.17^*** (6.62)	1.18 (1.26)	0.30^*** (4.56)	0.07^*** (9.10)	0.19^*** (5.65)
Age: 14–19	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
20–24	0.92 (.52)	0.80 (.82)	3.24^*** (3.82)	3.40^** (3.03)	0.98 (.13)	1.09 (.29)	3.64^*** (3.96)	3.02^** (2.63)
25–29	0.44^*** (3.39)	0.29^** (2.59)	3.62^*** (3.33)	1.62 (.96)	0.42^*** (3.41)	0.35^* (2.12)	3.76^** (3.27)	1.40 (.64)
30–34	0.24^*** (5.06)	0.10^*** (4.01)	1.70 (1.24)	0.75 (.52)	0.22^*** (5.20)	0.12^*** (3.64)	1.57 (1.00)	0.69 (.65)
35–39	0.12^*** (6.13)	0.06^*** (4.58)	0.94 (.14)	0.43 (1.37)	0.11^*** (6.13)	.08^*** (4.15)	0.84 (.36)	0.42 (1.33)
40–63	0.08^*** (9.50)	0.01^*** (7.57)	0.08^*** (5.25)	0.07^*** (4.49)	0.07^*** (8.38)	0.01^*** (6.91)	0.06^*** (5.24)	0.09^*** (3.71)
Ever married	0.46^*** (4.16)	0.82 (.61)	1.26 (.82)	1.63 (1.47)	0.43^*** (4.46)	0.61 (1.43)	0.99 (.04)	1.79⁺ (1.72)
Personal migration experience
No migration	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Domestic only	2.94^*** (6.04)	0.89 (.21)	1.55 (1.43)	2.68^** (3.18)	2.81^*** (5.72)	0.79 (.41)	1.27 (.76)	2.93^*** (3.34)
Any International	2.56^*** (3.55)	15.0^*** (7.28)	4.55^*** (5.67)	4.94^*** (4.52)	2.04^* (2.56)	14.3^*** (6.20)	3.23^*** (3.95)	6.59^*** (4.86)
Education: no school					Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
1–5 years					1.40 (1.15)	1.77 (.94)	1.34 (.67)	1.59 (.54)
6–8 years					1.23 (.71)	1.74 (.93)	1.34 (.67)	2.61 (1.20)
9–10 years					1.32 (.93)	1.15 (.17)	0.82 (.41)	2.21 (.96)
11+ years					0.96 (.16)	0.49 (1.10)	0.56 (1.24)	3.49 (1.57)
Work experience: None					Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Wage work only					1.15 (.97)	1.72^* (2.08)	1.71^* (2.05)	0.45^* (1.98)
Any salary work					1.87^** (3.10)	1.06 (.15)	2.08^** (2.59)	0.62 (1.42)
*Household characteristics*
Total # of HH members	0.99 (.14)	1.00 (.02)	1.24^** (3.15)	1.06 (.63)	0.98 (.36)	1.01 (.09)	1.25^** (3.17)	1.01 (.07)
Log % HH member migration	1.01 (.13)	1.00 (0.0)	0.92 (.97)	1.53^** (3.20)	1.00 (.02)	1.02 (.16)	0.94 (.75)	1.41^* (2.55)
Household Resources					1.05 (1.32)	0.96 (.61)	1.04 (.73)	1.11 (1.38)
Relative HH Resources:
Lower Third					Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Middle Third					0.88 (.75)	1.05 (.16)	1.03 (.10)	0.83 (.48)
Upper Third					0.82 (.91)	1.32 (.72)	0.85 (.48)	1.03 (.06)
*Neighborhood characteristics*
Distance to Narayanghat (miles)	0.98 (1.30)	1.10^** (3.24)	1.06^* (2.38)	0.93^* (2.35)	0.98 (1.35)	1.09^** (2.98)	1.06^* (2.38)	0.93^* (2.29)
Log % NBH member migration	0.37^*** (5.14)	0.33^** (3.04)	0.26^*** (4.60)	0.29^*** (4.29)	0.37^*** (5.14)	0.34^** (2.82)	0.26^*** (4.54)	0.28^*** (3.58)

Number of Moves	376	103	155	88	376	103	155	88

*Fit Statistics*
	AIC: 5677.56				AIC: 5677.56
	−2 Log L: 5669.56				−2 Log L: 5669.56

Odds ratios (OR) shown. Z-statistics in parentheses.

Significance:

⁺

p<0.10

p<0.05

^**

p<0.01

^***

p<0.001

One-tailed tests for caste/ethnicity, two- tailed tests for controls.