Table 2. Baseline Characteristics and Distribution of Atherosclerotic Risk Factors across Remnant-Like Particle Cholesterol (RLP-C) Quartiles.
| Quartiles of RLP-C, mg/dL |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≦ 3.4 | > 3.4 and ≦ 4.9 | > 4.9 and ≦ 7.7 | > 7.7 | ||
| N = 1,329 | N = 1,304 | N = 1,375 | N = 1,297 | P for trend | |
| Age, years | 64.1 ± 11.6 | 64.3 ± 11.3 | 64.2 ± 10.7 | 62.8 ± 11.2 | P = 0.001 |
| Male, % | 47 | 42 | 42 | 53 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.2 ± 3.1 | 22.9 ± 3.3 | 23.3 ± 3.4 | 23.9 ± 3.3 | P < 0.001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 80.3 ± 8.6 | 82.3 ± 8.9 | 83.5 ± 9.1 | 85.0 ± 8.6 | P < 0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 65.0 (51.0, 82.0) | 84.0 (65.0, 106.0) | 107.0 (79.0, 138.0) | 158.0 (115.0, 220.0) | P < 0.001 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 63.5 ± 13.9 | 62.3 ± 14.9 | 59.8 ± 14.8 | 53.1 ± 13.4 | P < 0.001 |
| SdLDL-C, mg/dL | 25.3 (20.2, 31.7) | 31.4 (24.2, 40.8) | 36.5 (26.8, 47.2) | 42.3 (30.6, 55.7) | P < 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 187.2 ± 27.3 | 204.1 ± 28.7 | 212.9 ± 31.7 | 216.3 ± 35.6 | P < 0.001 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 104.9 ± 24.1 | 120.0 ± 26.0 | 127.2 ± 28.7 | 125.9 ± 32.3 | P < 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 134.1 ± 21.3 | 135.2 ± 19.5 | 136.7 ± 21.4 | 137.4 ± 20.0 | P < 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 78.7 ± 11.8 | 79.3 ± 11.2 | 80.4 ± 11.5 | 81.6 ± 12.1 | P < 0.001 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 98.4 ± 16.8 | 99.0 ± 16.7 | 100.9 ± 20.5 | 102.5 ± 22.6 | P < 0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 0.88 (0.58, 1.37) | 1.04 (0.65, 1.64) | 1.12 (0.73, 1.81) | 1.31 (0.83, 2.11) | P < 0.001 |
| Smoking | |||||
| Current, % | 11 | 12 | 12 | 17 | P < 0.001 |
| EX, % | 28 | 24 | 25 | 29 | P = 0.340 |
| Never, % | 61 | 64 | 62 | 54 | P < 0.001 |
| Obesity, %* | 16 | 21 | 27 | 33 | P < 0.001 |
| Metabolic syndrome, % | 7 | 11 | 18 | 37 | P < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, %** | 9 | 10 | 11 | 13 | P = 0.001 |
| Antihyperglycemic medication use, % | 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 | P = 0.152 |
| Antidyslipidemic medication use, % | 10 | 11 | 11 | 13 | P = 0.035 |
| Past history$ | |||||
| Dyslipidemia, % | 14 | 20 | 23 | 27 | P < 0.001 |
| Stroke, % | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | P = 0.283 |
| Myocardial infarction, % | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | P = 0.404 |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD), %, and median (25th percentile, 75th percentile). P-values for trends across quartiles of RLP-C were assessed in an unadjusted model using the Jonckheere–Terpstra test and logistic regression analysis using quartiles as ordinal variables. BMI = body mass index; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SdLDL-C = small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
*
Obesity was considered BMI ≥ 25.
**
Diabetes mellitus was fasting blood glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL and/or currently under medication.
$
Data were obtained by questionnaire.