| Probiotics |
|
|
|
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii |
F. prausnitzii reduced Clostridium difficile infection in a mouse model. |
(83) |
|
Bacteroides fragilis |
In a mouse model, B. fragilis inhibited C. difficile growth with increased butyrate and gut barrier. |
(84) |
|
Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum |
Administration of the bacterium decreased colon inflammation through increased production of butyrate in a rat colitis model. |
(85) |
|
Roseburia hominis |
Administration of the bacterium increased cecal butyrate content and reduced stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity in rats. |
(86) |
| Prebiotics |
|
|
|
Inulin |
Inulin inhibited antibiotics-induced C. difficile infection. |
(104) |
|
Pectin |
Fermentation of pectin increased beneficial bacterial growth. |
(108) |
| Synbiotics |
|
|
|
Bifidobacteria + inulin |
In co-culture system, the synbiotic effectively inhibited non-probiotic bacterium Bacillus cereus. |
(110) |
|
F. prausnitzii + potato starch |
The synbiotic was better than F. prausnitzii alone in inhibiting C. difficile growth. |
(83) |
|
Bifidobacterium longum + pectin |
The symbiotic was better than each component alone in inhibiting pathogenic bacteria in the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem. |
(109) |
| Fasting mimicking diet |
|
(113) |
|
First day intake 50% normal caloric |
It had anti-inflammatory effect and increased commensal microbiota. |
|
Days 2–4 intake 10% normal caloric |
|
