Skip to main content
. 2020 Mar 9;27(14):17268–17279. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-08082-y

Table 2.

Concentrations of the compounds in the samples (mean values are μg/L with standard deviation, Sd). Values with < LoD are below the limit of detection. NA = not applicable

Sample NP DCP E1 E2 BPA OP TC AT IM TA
BU Mean 0.0627 0.0107 0.0017 0.0163 0.0173 < LoD < LoD 0.0207 < LoD < LoD
Sd 0.0023 0.0023 0.0002 0.0023 0.0023 NA NA 0.0023 NA NA
BM Mean 2.5533 0.7373 0.0613 < LoD 0.4650 < LoD 0.1469 < LoD 0.5737 0.1810
Sd 0.0841 0.0841 0.0042 NA 0.0841 NA 0.0134 NA 0.0841 0.0174
BD Mean 2.4560 0.4920 0.0403 0.0075 0.4770 0.0850 0.0623 < LoD < LoD 0.0505
Sd 0.1424 0.1424 0.0078 0.0012 0.0358 0.0091 0.0091 NA NA 0.0076
GW Mean 4.3773 0.8540 0.0263 0.0113 1.4683 0.0357 0.2323 0.8123 0.6187 0.1490
Sd 0.2874 0.2874 0.0027 0.0021 0.0874 0.0027 0.0274 0.0274 0.0874 0.0207
GE Mean 2.5557 < LoD 0.0151 < LoD 0.3451 < LoD 0.0446 < LoD 0.0950 0.0943
Sd 0.0808 NA 0.0019 NA 0.0346 NA 0.0084 NA 0.0141 0.0086
FU Mean 0.1017 0.0353 0.0054 < LoD 0.0465 < LoD < LoD < LoD < LoD 0.0392
Sd 0.0095 0.0031 0.0003 NA 0.0076 NA NA NA NA 0.0055
FM Mean 0.1962 0.0312 0.0000 < LoD 0.0943 < LoD < LoD < LoD 0.0213 0.0061
Sd 0.0208 0.0026 NA NA 0.0118 NA NA NA 0.0028 0.0014
FD Mean 0.1454 0.2971 0.0013 < LoD 0.0185 < LoD < LoD < LoD 0.1788 0.0130
Sd 0.0200 0.0200 0.0001 NA 0.0028 NA NA NA 0.0170 0.0013
FM Mean 0.1962 0.0312 < LoD < LoD 0.0943 < LoD < LoD < LoD 0.0213 0.0061
Sd 0.0208 0.0026 NA NA 0.0118 NA NA NA 0.0028 0.0014
FD Mean 0.1454 0.2971 0.0013 < LoD 0.0185 < LoD < LoD < LoD 0.1788 0.0130
Sd 0.0200 0.0200 0.0001 NA 0.0028 NA NA NA 0.0170 0.0013
KW Mean 6.7197 1.7190 0.0124 0.0061 1.0110 0.0572 0.1767 0.1510 0.2665 0.4290
Sd 0.1669 0.0367 0.0022 0.0007 0.0367 0.0058 0.0093 0.0093 0.0137 0.0147
KE Mean 0.3840 0.7113 < LoD < LoD 0.0181 < LoD 0.0410 0.0123 0.0174 0.0273
Sd 0.0253 0.0340 NA NA 0.0021 NA 0.0027 0.0003 0.0035 0.0051
SU Mean 0.0312 0.0067 < LoD < LoD 0.0067 < LoD < LoD < LoD 0.0119 < LoD
Sd 0.0032 0.0010 NA NA 0.0008 NA NA NA 0.0021 NA
SM Mean 0.1640 0.0963 0.0020 < LoD 0.3417 1.4533 < LoD 0.0446 0.2480 0.0187
Sd 0.0107 0.0107 NA NA 0.0227 0.0253 NA 0.0044 0.0207 0.0041
SD Mean 0.3337 0.1273 0.0020 < LoD 0.3117 0.4013 2.7147 0.0203 < LoD 0.0260
Sd 0.0214 0.0073 NA NA 0.0148 0.0140 0.0373 0.0039 NA 0.0033
UE Mean 0.1430 0.8090 0.0134 0.0025 1.6837 0.0470 0.0827 0.0095 0.2055 0.0673
Sd 0.0087 0.0200 0.0010 0.0004 0.0553 0.0080 0.0045 0.0020 0.0110 0.0062
TU Mean 0.1293 0.0130 < LoD < LoD 0.0327 < LoD < LoD < LoD 0.0150 0.0170
Sd 0.0073 0.0013 NA NA 0.0047 NA NA NA 0.0007 0.0013
TM Mean 0.2141 0.0263 0.0009 < LoD 0.1173 < LoD < LoD < LoD 0.0897 0.0207
Sd 0.0100 0.0034 0.0001 NA 0.0113 NA NA NA 0.0085 0.0047
TD Mean 0.5867 0.2613 < LoD < LoD 0.0177 < LoD 0.0097 < LoD < LoD < LoD
Sd 0.0187 0.0280 NA NA 0.0035 NA 0.0018 NA NA NA
AW Mean 3.1307 2.2000 1.0600 0.1350 1.1927 0.0193 2.8563 0.2560 0.3717 0.1013
Sd 0.0807 0.0487 0.0267 0.0093 0.0447 0.0012 0.1900 0.0153 0.0207 0.0095
AE Mean 0.3580 0.1180 0.0131 0.0026 0.2187 1.6827 0.2743 0.1184 0.2027 0.0153
Sd 0.0400 0.0093 0.0043 0.0004 0.0141 0.0300 0.0180 0.0125 0.0072 0.0025
CTR Mean < LoD < LoD < LoD < LoD < LoD < LoD < LoD < LoD < LoD < LoD

NP nonylphenol, DCP dichlorophenol, E1 estrone, E2 17β oestradiol, BPA bisphenol A, OP octylphenol, TC triclosan, AT atrazine, IM imidazole, TA triazole

BU bloukrans upstream, BM bloukrans midstream, BD bloukrans downstream; FU buffalo upstream, FM buffalo midstream, FD buffalo downstream; SU swartkops upstream, SM swartkops midstream, SD swartkops downstream; TU tyhume upstream, TM tyhume midstream, TD tyhume downstream; GW grahamstown wastewater, GE grahamstown treated effluents; KW king Williams wastewater, KE king Williams treated effluents; AW alice wastewater, AE alice treated effluents; UE uitenhage treated effluents, CTR control