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. 2020 Apr 30;5:8. doi: 10.1038/s41536-020-0093-4

Fig. 3. Kidney organoid challenges faced today in the field of regenerative medicine.

Fig. 3

There is a current lack of full maturation, well-developed vascularization and a limitation in scalability and reproducibility. In addition, there is the presence of non-renal off-target populations. These limitations need to be addressed before kidney organoids can be successfully applied as a replacement therapy for patients with kidney disease.