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. 2020 Apr 30;10:7357. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64482-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Visualization of constraints of SC joint behavior under different conditions: (a) All movements are allowed in scenario 1; (b) In scenario 2, FE model of the chest wall incorporates clavicles associated with sternum with constrained acromial ends; (c) In scenario 3, displacement is constrained along x-axis, and rotation is constrained along the other axes; (d) In scenario 4, displacement is constrained along y-axis, and rotation is constrained along the other axes; (e) In scenario 5, displacement is constrained along z-axis, and rotation is constrained along the other axes; (f) In scenario 6, all the axes are constrained such that there is no displacement or rotation.