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. 2020 Apr 30;10:7332. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64323-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Bat distress vocalizations carry superfast periodicities. (A) Example distress sequence containing 14 syllable groups (bouts) and 71 syllables. A zoom-in into the bout composed of syllables 55–59 is provided. (B) spectrograms, (C) time waveforms, (D) envelope and (E) temporal modulation spectra (TMS) of syllables 55–59. Note that fast periodicities at ~1.7 kHz occur in syllables 55, 57–59, but are less clear in syllable 56. Also note that all example distress syllables shown are harmonically-structured downward frequency modulated sweeps.