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. 2020 Apr 30;10:7332. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64323-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Temporal properties of fast and slow amplitude modulated (AM) vocalizations. (A,B) Show the TMS of the two syllable groups, represented as colormaps. The first 50 fast AM and slow AM calls in the colormaps (border marked by horizonal red lines) were used to train the support vector machine classifier (see also supplementary Figure S1). (C,D) Are median TMS of all fast and slow AM calls studied (25th and 75th percentiles shown as shaded areas). Note that a peak occurs at the frequencies of interest (FOIs) in fast AM calls but not in slow AM vocalizations. (E) Histogram of the area under the TMS curve at the FOIs in the two call groups. The p-value of a Wilcoxon ranksum test and the d size-effect metric are provided. (F) histogram of best modulation frequencies found in the population of fast AM calls. Median and inter-quartile range are provided. (G) Probability of finding fast AM vocalizations in certain positions along the distress sequences. To calculate probability values, the relative position of each fast AM call was obtained taking into account the length of the sequence in which it occurred. This “observed” probability distribution was compared (Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test) with an “expected” distribution obtained by randomly swapping the position of syllables within each sequence 100 times. (H) The percentage of fast and slow AM calls found when bats where under duress (distress) and when interacting between them in a keeping cage (social, see also Supplementary Fig. S3).