Table 1.

Comparison of immunity profiles induced by subcutaneous and intranasal OMV immunization.

		Naive	Immunization route for omvPV		Difference***
			Intranasal	Subcutaneous
Protection	Lung clearance	>6 days p.c.	++++ (<1 day p.c.)	+++ (>1 day p.c.)	+
	Tracheal clearance	>6 days p.c.	++++ (<1 day p.c.)	++++ (<1 day p.c.)	0
	Nasal clearance	>6 days p.c.	++++ (<1 day p.c.)	++ (>6 days p.c.)	+++
Systemic immunity	Antibodies
	Serum IgG	−	+ +++	+ +++	0
	Serum IgG1	−	++++	++++	+
	Serum IgG2a	−	++++	+++	+
	Serum IgG2b	−	++++	+++	+
	Serum IgG3	−	+++	++++	−
	Serum IgA	−	+++	−	+++
	Serum IgG specificity*	−	OMV, Vag8, BrkA, Prn, U1, U3, U4, U6, LPS	OMV, Vag8, BrkA, Prn, GroEL, U1–2, U4–7, LPS	0
	Plasma cells
	IgG ASC Blood	−	+ +	+ +	0
	IgG ASC Spleen	−	++	++	0
	IgG ASC Lung	−	++++	++	++
	Memory B-cells
	IgG ASC Spleen	−	+ +	+ +	0
	IgG ASC Lung	−	++	−	++
	T-helper related cytokine responses
	Spleen Th1	−	+ ++	+ ++	0
	Spleen Th2	−	++	++	0
	Spleen Th17	−	++++	+++	+
Mucosal immunity	Antibodies
	Pulmonary IgA	−	++++	+	+ ++
	Nasal IgA	−	++++	+	+++
	Pulmonary IgA specificity*	−	Vag8, LPS, U1–3 Vag8,	−	+++
	Nasal IgA specificity*	−	LPS	−	+++
	Plasma cells
	IgA ASC Blood	−	+ +	−	+ +
	IgA ASC Spleen	−	++	−	++
	IgA ASC Lung	−	++++	−	++++
	Memory B-cells
	IgA ASC Lung	−	+ ++	−	+ ++
	T-helper related cytokine responses
	Pulmonary Th1	−	+ ++	+	+++
	Pulmonary Th2	−	+	−	+
	Pulmonary Th17	−	++++	+	++++

*Based on combined results of MIA and Western blotting. **Scale ranges from – (absent) to ++++ (highly present). ***Difference between intranasal and subcutaneous omvPV immunization. + to ++++ is advantage intranasal, 0 is no difference, − is advantage subcutaneous.