Table 2.
Length | Activity regulation | Molecular function | Main biological processesa | |
---|---|---|---|---|
DNA-PKcs | 4128 | Autophosphorylation or phosphorylation by ATM | ATP binding, DNA-dependent protein kinase activity, double-stranded DNA binding, protein domain-specific binding | DSB repair, negative regulation of the response to γ-radiation |
ATM | 3056 | ATM dimers are normally inactivated but are activated with DNA in the presence of MRN; inhibited by wortmannin | ATP binding, DNA binding, DNA-dependent protein kinase activity, identical protein binding, protein serine/threonine kinase activity | Cell cycle arrest, cellular response to γ-radiation and X-ray radiation, mitotic telomere clustering, DSB repair via HR and NHEJ, DNA replication, DNA damage checkpoint |
ATR | 2644 | Stimulated by TOPBP1468, activated by ETAA469, inhibited by caffeine, wortmannin, and LY294002 | ATP binding, DNA binding, MutSα and MutLα complex binding, protein kinase activity | Cellular response to γ-radiation and UV light, DNA damage checkpoint, DNA repair, positive regulation of DDR, signal transduction, regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator, negative regulation of DNA replication |
CHK1 | 476 | Activated through phosphorylation | ATP binding, histone kinase activity, kinase activity, protein domain-specific binding, protein kinase activity | Cell cycle arrest, cellular response to γ-radiation and X-ray radiation, mitotic telomere clustering, DSB repair via HR and NHEJ, DNA replication, DNA damage checkpoint |
LIG4 | 911 | A direct target of β-catenin | ATP binding, DNA binding, DNA ligase activity, DNA ligase activity, metal ion binding, protein C terminus binding | Cell cycle, cell division, cell proliferation, cellular response to IR, DNA biosynthetic process, DNA ligation, DNA ligation involved in DNA repair, DSB repair via HR and NHEJ, response to γ-radiation and X-ray radiation, single-strand break repair |
PARP-1 | 1014 | NAD+ as a substrate and automodification of PARP‐1 itself470 | DNA binding, enzyme binding, estrogen receptor binding, histone deacetylase binding, NAD binding, protein kinase binding | Apoptotic process, cellular response to DNA damage-stimulated DNA repair, DSB by HE, mitochondrial DNA repair, response to γ-radiation |
WEE1 | 646 | Activated through phosphorylation471 | ATP binding, kinase activity, protein kinase activity, protein tyrosine kinase activity | Cell division, establishment of cell polarity, G2/M transition of the cell cycle, negative regulation of G1/S transition in the cell cycle |
CDK1 | 297 | Activated through phosphorylation | ATP binding, chromatin binding, cyclin binding, histone kinase activity, HSP70 protein kinase activity, protein serine/threonine kinase activity | Apoptotic process, mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint, positive regulation of G2/M transition in the cell cycle and gene expression and protein import into the nucleus, protein phosphorylation |
aAvailable from https://www.uniprot.org/