Table 2.

Targetable proteins involved in DNA damage repair in response to radiation

	Length	Activity regulation	Molecular function	Main biological processesa
DNA-PKcs	4128	Autophosphorylation or phosphorylation by ATM	ATP binding, DNA-dependent protein kinase activity, double-stranded DNA binding, protein domain-specific binding	DSB repair, negative regulation of the response to γ-radiation
ATM	3056	ATM dimers are normally inactivated but are activated with DNA in the presence of MRN; inhibited by wortmannin	ATP binding, DNA binding, DNA-dependent protein kinase activity, identical protein binding, protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Cell cycle arrest, cellular response to γ-radiation and X-ray radiation, mitotic telomere clustering, DSB repair via HR and NHEJ, DNA replication, DNA damage checkpoint
ATR	2644	Stimulated by TOPBP1468, activated by ETAA469, inhibited by caffeine, wortmannin, and LY294002	ATP binding, DNA binding, MutSα and MutLα complex binding, protein kinase activity	Cellular response to γ-radiation and UV light, DNA damage checkpoint, DNA repair, positive regulation of DDR, signal transduction, regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator, negative regulation of DNA replication
CHK1	476	Activated through phosphorylation	ATP binding, histone kinase activity, kinase activity, protein domain-specific binding, protein kinase activity	Cell cycle arrest, cellular response to γ-radiation and X-ray radiation, mitotic telomere clustering, DSB repair via HR and NHEJ, DNA replication, DNA damage checkpoint
LIG4	911	A direct target of β-catenin	ATP binding, DNA binding, DNA ligase activity, DNA ligase activity, metal ion binding, protein C terminus binding	Cell cycle, cell division, cell proliferation, cellular response to IR, DNA biosynthetic process, DNA ligation, DNA ligation involved in DNA repair, DSB repair via HR and NHEJ, response to γ-radiation and X-ray radiation, single-strand break repair
PARP-1	1014	NAD+ as a substrate and automodification of PARP‐1 itself470	DNA binding, enzyme binding, estrogen receptor binding, histone deacetylase binding, NAD binding, protein kinase binding	Apoptotic process, cellular response to DNA damage-stimulated DNA repair, DSB by HE, mitochondrial DNA repair, response to γ-radiation
WEE1	646	Activated through phosphorylation471	ATP binding, kinase activity, protein kinase activity, protein tyrosine kinase activity	Cell division, establishment of cell polarity, G2/M transition of the cell cycle, negative regulation of G1/S transition in the cell cycle
CDK1	297	Activated through phosphorylation	ATP binding, chromatin binding, cyclin binding, histone kinase activity, HSP70 protein kinase activity, protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Apoptotic process, mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint, positive regulation of G2/M transition in the cell cycle and gene expression and protein import into the nucleus, protein phosphorylation

^aAvailable from https://www.uniprot.org/