Table 1.
Characteristics | n | Mean ± SD, M (P25, P75) or n (%) |
---|---|---|
Mothers' age (years) | 30 | 32.9 ± 4.5 |
Cesarean delivery | 30 | 19 (63.3) |
After IVF-ET | 30 | 7 (23.3) |
Multipara | 30 | 9 (30.0) |
Gestational ages (weeks) | 30 | 29.7 ± 1.8 |
Birth weight (g) | 37 | 1235.7 ± 260.8 |
Multiple birth | 30 | 7 (23.3) |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 30 | 24.1 ± 4.5 |
Weight gain during pregnancy (kg) | 30 | 8.0 ± 4.2 |
Drinking alcohol or smoking during pregnancy or lactation | 30 | 0 (0.0) |
Maternal risk factor for preterm birth | 30 | 28 (93.3) |
Premature rupture of membranes | 30 | 5 (16.7) |
Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia | 30 | 3 (10.0) |
Maternal diabetes | 30 | 1 (3.3) |
Infection | 30 | 3 (10.0) |
Placenta previa, vaginal bleeding | 30 | 1 (3.3) |
Placental abruption | 30 | 1 (3.3) |
≥ 2 maternal risk factors | 30 | 14 (46.7) |
Breast inflamation or surgery | 30 | 0 (0.0) |
Gestational ages ≤ 30 weeks | 37 | 22 (59.5) |
Birth weight <1,500 g | 37 | 28 (75.8) |
First pumping postpartum (h) | 30 | 7.6 (4.6, 10.3) |
Time to establish OOL-II | ||
After birth (h) | 30 | 75.4 (60.7, 83.9) |
After 1st pumping (h) | 30 | 65.8 (56.6, 76.5) |
Number of pumping sessions from birth to the OOL-II (times) | 30 | 16.0 (13.8, 21.0) |
Cumulative duration of pumping until the OOL-II (h) | 30 | 4.0 (3.4, 5.3) |
Breast pumping frequency (times/d, within 42 d after delivery) | 30 | 6.7 ± 0.7 |
IVF-ET, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer; BMI, body mass index; OOL-II, onset of lactogenesis II.