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. 2019 Oct 4;10(2):130–146. doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.09.005

Fig. 6.

Fig. 6

Erucic acid abrogates IFN-β-amplified pro-inflammatory response in IAV infected cells. (A) Levels of IFN-β and IFN-λ1 were determined by Luminex assays in the culture supernatant of A/PR8/34(H1N1) (MOI = 0.1)-infected A549 cells treated with or without erucic acid. Data are presented the mean ± standard error of the mean, representative of three independent experiments. ∗∗P < 0.01 and ∗∗∗P < 0.001 vs. IAV-infected (column 2); #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs. SB203580-treated (column 6); §P < 0.05 vs. BAY11-7082-treated (column 8). (B) Levels of IFN-β and IFN-λ1 were determined by Luminex assays in the culture supernatant of vRNA-transfected cells treated with or without erucic acid. Data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean, representative of three independent experiments. ∗∗P < 0.01 and ∗∗∗P < 0.001 vs. vRNA-transfected (column 4). (C) Luminex analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted in IFN-pre-treated cells prior to influenza A/PR8/34(H1N1) (MOI = 0.1) infection. A549 cells were pre-treated with IFN-β (500 ng/mL) for 4 h, infected with influenza A/PR8/34(H1N1) and treated with or without erucic acid. Data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean, representative of three independent experiments. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01 and ∗∗∗P < 0.001 vs. IFN-pretreated (column 4); #P < 0.05 vs. SB203580-treated (column 8); §P < 0.05 vs. BAY11-7082-treated (column 10). (D) A549 cells were co-transfected with ISRE luciferase reporter plasmid and pRL-TK plasmid. At 6 h post-transfection, cells were infected with A/PR8/34(H1N1) (MOI = 0.1) and treated with or without erucic acid for 24 h; then cells were lysed for luciferase assays. Data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean, representative of three independent experiments. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001 vs. IAV-infected (column 2); #P < 0.05 vs. SB203580-treated (column 6); §P < 0.05 vs. BAY11-7082-treated (column 8). (E) A549 cells co-transfected with ISRE luciferase reporter plasmid and pRL-TK plasmid were stimulated with IFN-β (500 ng/mL) for 4 h, infected with A/PR8/34(H1N1) (MOI = 0.1) and treated with or without erucic acid for 24; then cells were harvested for luciferase assays. Luciferase activities were normalized to Renilla. Data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean, representative of three independent experiments. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01 and ∗∗∗P < 0.001 vs. IFN-pretreated group (column 4); #P < 0.05 vs. SB203580-treated (column 8); §P < 0.05 vs. BAY11-7082-treated (column 10).