Fig. 5.

Mean normalized expression levels of five hsp70 genes obtained by qPCR in E. superba during a heat shock of 9 °C and 12 °C whereas 0 h group is control at 0 °C. Heat shocks were carried out during 3 h, and hsp70 expressions measured at those time on n = 6 individuals per group. Hsp70 expressions were normalized by the 18S gene expression. To compare values, a Kruskal–Wallis test followed by a Dunn’s test was used to compare control groups (0 h) and shocked groups (9 °C and 12 °C). Significant differences between mean normalized expressions are indicated by asterisks (*). Figure was created using GraphPad Prism 6.0