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. 2020 Apr 24;11:400. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00400

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Copyright © 2020 Zhao, Wang, Chen, Zhang, Guo and Yu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Snapshot of a directed acyclic graph from Gene Ontology. Each ontological term is represented by an alphanumeric identifier, and its biological function is described by controlled words. These GO terms are hierarchically connected with different types of directed edges. The level of a GO term in the DAG is determined by its furthest distance to the root GO term (“GO:0008150” in BPO, “GO:0005575” in CCO, and “GO:0003674” in MFO). For example, “GO:0048087” is a direct child and also a grandson of “GO:0048066,” and its furthest distance to the root term is 5, while “GO:0006856” is another direct child of “GO:0048066” and its furthest distance to the root is 4, so “GO:0006856” is plotted at a higher level than “GO:0048087”.