Table 2.

Results for the Multimarker Panel and AFP in the Detection of Cases With HCC

	HCC vs. Controls			Very‐Early‐Stage HCC (Single <2 cm) vs. Controls			AFP‐Negative HCC vs. Controls
	AUROC	Sensitivity	Specificity	AUROC	Sensitivity	Specificity	AUROC	Sensitivity	Specificity
	(95% CI)	(%)	(%)	(95% CI)	(%)	(%)	(95% CI)	(%)	(%)
Training set
Multimarker Panel	0.976	91.9	92.1	0.974	92.7	92.1	0.970	80.8	96.5
	(0.967‐0.985)			(0.949‐0.979)			(0.958‐0.982)
AFP	0.804	40.4	98.3	0.772	38.5	98.3	0.686	0.0	100
	(0.769‐0.839)			(0.714‐0.823)			(0.636‐0.736)
P value*	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Multimarker Panel + AFP	0.981	94.6	91.5	0.981	96.3	91.5	0.971	82.5	95.7
	(0.974‐0.989)			(0.970‐0.992)			(0.963‐0.985)
P value †	0.374	0.253	0.882	0.432	0.385	0.853	0.691	0.783	0.691
Validation set
Multimarker panel	0.898	81.1	84.8	0.833	71.1	84.8	0.874	67.8	89.3
	(0.863‐0.933)			(0.766‐0.901)			(0.829‐0.918)
AFP	0.778	26.8	98.8	0.777	18.2	98.8	0.707	0.0	100
	(0.723‐0.833)			(0.697‐0.858)			(0.639‐0.774)
P value*	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.295	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Multimarker Panel + AFP	0.906	82.9	83.2	0.844	70.5	83.2	0.892	72.2	88.7
	(0.723‐0.833)			(0.777‐0.912)			(0.851‐0.933)
P value †	0.751	0.912	0.989	0.821	0.864	0.800	0.007	0.630	0.993

Note: “Controls” indicates at‐risk populations with HBV, HCV, and LC in the training and the validation sets. “Very‐early‐stage HCC” indicates single tumor size <2 cm HCC. “AFP‐negative HCC” indicates serum AFP <20 ng/mL.

^aMultimarker panel versus AFP.

^bCombination of multimarker panel and AFP versus multimarker panel alone. P values less than 0.001 are shown as “<0.001.”