Table 3.
Attributable deaths in Milan for natural, respiratory and cardiovascular causes from 2003 to 2006: estimates and 90% confidence intervals calculated according to different counterfactual scenarios of PM10 reduction
| Estimand | Natural Deaths | Respiratory Deaths | Cardiovascular Deaths | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate | 90% CI | Estimate | 90% CI | Estimate | 90% CI | |
| AD(20) | 2537 | (1273, 3655) | 577 | (226, 900) | 1000 | (464, 1488) |
| AD(40) | 1157 | (689, 1645) | 312 | (210, 418) | 771 | (580, 961) |
| DAD(40) | 1857 | (1479, 2233) | 403 | (293, 504) | 1014 | (815, 1221) |
| DAD(50) | 1481 | (1212, 1735) | 325 | (251, 398) | 828 | (690, 960) |
AD(20): deaths attributable to daily exposure levels above 20 μg/m3, setting the counterfactual exactly to 20 μg/m3.
AD(40): deaths attributable to daily exposure levels above 40 μg/m3, setting the counterfactual exactly to 40 μg/m3.
DAD(40): deaths attributable to daily exposure levels above 40 μg/m3, sampling the counterfactuals from the exposure distribution below 40 μg/m3.
DAD(50): deaths attributable to daily exposure levels above 50 μg/m3, sampling the counterfactuals from the exposure distribution below 50 μg/m3