Table 4.
Attributable deaths in Milan, Italy (2003-2006) calculated using different approaches
| Source | Natural Deaths | Respiratory Deaths | Cardiovascular Deaths | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate | 90% CI | Estimate | 90% CI | Estimate | 90% CI | |
| GPS- AD(40) | 1157 | (689, 1645) | 312 | (210, 418) | 771 | (580, 961) |
| GPS- DAD(40) | 1857 | (1479, 2233) | 403 | (293, 504) | 1014 | (815, 1221) |
| PS matching 40 | 1079 | (116, 2042) | 305 | (17, 593) | 716 | (117, 1315) |
| Regression 40 | 358 | (156, 560) | ||||
GPS- AD(40): deaths attributable to daily exposure levels above 40 μg/m3, setting the counterfactual exactly to 40 μg/m3.
GPS- DAD(40)): deaths attributable to daily exposure levels above 40 μg/m3, sampling the counterfactuals from the exposure distribution below 40 μg/m3.
PS matching 40: from Baccini et al. [25], deaths attributable to daily exposure levels above 40 μg/m3, calculated according to a PS matching.
Regression 40: from Baccini et al. [37], deaths attributable to exceeding the limit of 40 μg/m3 for the annual average level of exposure, calculated from a regression approach