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. 2020 May 1;22:39. doi: 10.1186/s13058-020-01277-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Dexamethasone either inhibits or promotes breast cancer cell migration in a time-dependent manner. a Schematic of protocol used for b and c. MDA-MB-231 cells were pretreated with increasing doses of Dex for either 15 min (b) or 6 h (c) and Dex-induced cell migration was measured by the degree of scratch wound closure at 18 h. The mean of three field images from each of the three biological replicates experiments is shown ± standard deviation (SD). Fraction of wound area closure of MDA-MB-231 cells was determined ImageJ. Statistical significance was assessed by one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s post hoc for comparison within groups vs. vehicle treatment. (*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ****, p < 0.0001). d Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) for MDA-MB-231 cells treated with 100 nM Dex from GSE113571 [12]. p value plot shows GR-mediated activation of cancer-relevant signaling pathways and their respective z-scores of activation/inhibition, including the TGFβ1 and p38 MAPK pathways. The top 10 most significant pathways for cytokine/growth factor (GF) signaling are shown. Red dotted line indicates the significance value of 1.3 (p < .05). e Fraction of wound area closure of MDA-MB-231 cells treated (18 h) with vehicle control, TGFβ1 (10 ng/mL), Dex (1 μM), TGFβ1+Dex, RU486 (1 μM), RU486+TGFβ1, or RU486+Dex. The mean of three fields from each of the three biological replicate experiments is shown ± SD. Statistical significance was assessed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc for comparison within groups. (*, p < 0.05, **, p < 0.01, ****, p < 0.0001)