Table 2. Mendelian Randomization (MR) and Observational Analysis Estimate of the Associations of Myopia and Intraocular Pressure (IOP) With Retinal Detachment.
| Exposure | MR method | OR (95% CI) | P value | Observational methoda | OR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MSE | IVW | 0.72 (0.69-0.76) | 3.8 × 10−44 | Model 1 | 0.80 (0.78-0.83) | 2.5 × 10−55 |
| IOP | IVW | 1.08 (1.03-1.14) | 1.1 × 10−3 | Model 1 | 1.05 (1.02-1.09) | 2.5 × 10−4 |
| IOP | Multivariable MRb | 1.06 (1.01-1.12) | .03 | Model 2 | 1.03 (1.00-1.06) | .04 |
Abbreviations: IVW, inverse-variance weighted; MSE, mean spherical equivalent refractive error; OR, odds ratio.
a
In observational model 1, we adjusted for sex and baseline age in logistic regression models. In observational model 2, we adjusted for refractive error, sex, and baseline age.
b
Multivariable MR analysis, a regression-based MR method, to adjust for the effect of MSE refractive error.