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. 2020 Apr 30;10:7345. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64074-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Growth parameters of single- (a) or multiple-deletion (b) strains with reconstructed deletions. Strains are identified by the particular deletions (D1 to D12) they carry. Maximum growth rates and OD increments were compared to those of wild-type MG1655. Values are based on at least 18 replicate measurements in rich medium (LB). Centre lines show the medians, box limits indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles, whiskers extend 1.5 times the interquartile range, and outliers are represented by circles. Asterisks indicate significant difference in comparison to the wild-type (Welch’s t-test, P < 0.05).