Table 2.
Demographic characteristics of participants
| N = 1871 | Unweighted number of participants (%) | Weighted row % (standard error) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-opioid user (N = 1181) | Opioid user (N= 690) | Non-opioid user | Opioid user | |
| Race | ||||
| White | 894 (75.7) | 493 (71.5) | 64.8 (1.64) | 35.2 (1.64) |
| Black | 192 (16.3) | 155 (22.5) | 56.9 (2.85) | 43.1 (2.85) |
| Other | 95 (8.0) | 42 (6.0) | 66.3 (4.89) | 33.7 (4.89) |
| Age | ||||
| 18–34 | 107 (9.1) | 65 (9.4) | 67.8 (4.25) | 32.2 (4.25) |
| 35–49 | 211 (17.9) | 177 (25.7) | 53.3 (3.04) | 46.7 (3.04) |
| 50–65 | 466 (39.5) | 301 (43.6) | 60.6 (2.22) | 39.5 (2.22) |
| 66–85 | 397 (33.6) | 147 (21.3) | 74.5 (2.48) | 25.6 (2.48) |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 423 (35.8) | 237 (34.4) | 62.5 (2.32) | 37.5 (2.32) |
| Female | 758 (64.2) | 453 (65.7) | 65.3 (1.74) | 34.7 (1.74) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 640 (54.2) | 353(51.2) | 63.1 (2.03) | 36.9 (2.03) |
| Not married | 366 (31.0) | 238 (34.5) | 65.9 (2.63) | 34.1 (2.63) |
| Never married | 175 (14.8) | 99 (14.4) | 65.5 (4.16) | 34.5 (4.16) |
| Education level | ||||
| High school or less | 555 (47.0) | 345 (50.0) | 61.0 (2.00) | 39.0 (2.00) |
| More than high school | 620 (52.5) | 338 (49.0) | 66.6 (1.91) | 33.4 (1.91) |
| Missing | 6 (0.5) | 7 (1.0) | 32.3 (13.45) | 67.7 (13.45) |
| Health insurance | ||||
| Public | 377 (31.9) | 244 (35.4) | 63.5 (2.55) | 36.5 (2.55) |
| Private | 692 (58.6) | 368 (53.3) | 65.3 (1.91) | 34.7 (1.91) |
| Uninsured | 112 (9.5) | 78 (11.3) | 57.1 (4.43) | 42.9 (4.43) |
| Region | ||||
| Northeast | 212(18.0) | 105 (15.2) | 68.1 (2.75) | 31.9 (2.75) |
| Midwest | 303 (25.7) | 157 (22.8) | 68.5 (2.91) | 31.5 (2.91) |
| South | 376 (31.8) | 272 (39.4) | 59.6 (2.72) | 40.4 (2.72) |
| West | 290 (24.6) | 156 (22.6) | 62.9 (3.01) | 37.1 (3.01) |
| Income level | ||||
| Poor/near poor | 246 (20.8) | 217 (31.5) | 55.4 (2.81) | 44.6 (2.81) |
| Low income | 198 (16.8) | 111 (16.1) | 64.6 (3.24) | 35.4 (3.24) |
| Middle income | 339 (28.7) | 179 (25.9) | 65.0 (2.69) | 35.0 (2.69) |
| High income | 398 (33.7) | 183 (26.5) | 67.4 (2.34) | 32.6 (2.34) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | ||||
| 0 | 669 (56.7) | 397 (57.5) | 64.6 (1.94) | 35.4 (1.94) |
| 1 | 214 (18.1) | 111 (16.1) | 66.7 (3.41) | 33.3 (3.41) |
| ≥2 | 298 (25.2) | 182 (26.4) | 61.3 (3.20) | 38.7 (3.20) |
| Chronic back pain | 498 (42.2) | 396 (57.4) | 57.9 (2.08) | 42.1 (2.08) |
| Chronic osteoarthritis | 509 (43.1) | 254 (36.8) | 65.8 (2.25) | 34.2 (2.25) |
| Chronic rheumatoid arthritis | 244 (20.7) | 129(18.7) | 68.0 (3.37) | 32.0 (3.37) |
| Anti-depressant medication use | 259 (21.9) | 224 (32.5) | 59.2 (2.80) | 40.8 (2.80) |
| Anti-anxiety medication use | 134 (11.4) | 122 (17.7) | 52.0 (3.90) | 48.0 (3.90) |
| COX-2 inhibitor medication use | 59 (5.0) | 41 (5.9) | 56.2(5.91) | 43.9(5.91) |
| Skeletal muscle relaxant medication use | 130 (11.0) | 196 (28.4) | 40.9 (3.38) | 59.1 (3.38) |
| NSAID medication use | 357 (30.2) | 269 (39.0) | 57.2 (2.42) | 42.8 (2.42) |
| Mental health (MH) subdomain, R2a | ||||
| <50 | 161 (13.6) | 172 (24.9) | 47.4 (3.53) | 52.6 (3.53) |
| 50 to < 62.5 | 201 (17.0) | 118 (17.1) | 65.9 (3.47) | 34.1 (3.47) |
| 62.5 to < 87.5 | 453 (38.4) | 266 (38.6) | 63.7 (2.29) | 36.3 (2.29) |
| ≥87.5 | 366 (31.0) | 134 (19.4) | 72.6 (2.46) | 27.4 (2.46) |
| RE subdomain, R2a | ||||
| <50 | 128 (10.8) | 142 (20.6) | 46.6 (4.09) | 53.5 (4.09) |
| 50 to < 75 | 242 (20.5) | 150 (21.7) | 64.3 (3.60) | 35.7 (3.60) |
| 75 to < 100 | 314 (26.6) | 180 (26.1) | 64.3 (2.85) | 35.7 (2.85) |
| 100 | 497 (42.1) | 218 (31.6) | 68.4 (2.10) | 31.6 (2.10) |
| SF subdomain, R2a | ||||
| <50 | 154 (13.0) | 168 (24.4) | 47.7 (3.80) | 52.3 (3.80) |
| 50 to < 75 | 230 (19.5) | 176 (25.5) | 56.7 (3.17) | 43.3 (3.17) |
| 75 to < 100 | 232 (19.6) | 136 (19.7) | 61.1 (3.25) | 38.9 (3.25) |
| 100 | 565 (47.8) | 210 (30.4) | 73.9 (1.96) | 26.1 (1.96) |
| Vitality (VT) subdomain, R2a | ||||
| <25 | 91 (7.7) | 87 (12.6) | 48.2 (4.31) | 51.8 (4.31) |
| 25 to < 50 | 209 (17.7) | 185 (26.8) | 53.8 (2.93) | 46.2 (2.93) |
| 50 to < 75 | 461 (39.0) | 238 (34.5) | 67.0 (2.20) | 33.0 (2.20) |
| ≥75 | 420 (35.6) | 180 (26.1) | 71.3(2.35) | 28.7 (2.35) |
| General health perceptions (GH) subdomain, R2a | ||||
| <25 | 68 (5.8) | 79(11.5) | 48.1 (5.66) | 51.9 (5.66) |
| 25 to < 50 | 246 (20.8) | 233 (33.8) | 48.2 (3.09) | 51.8(3.09) |
| 50 to < 75 | 484(41.0) | 233 (33.8) | 67.2(2.13) | 32.8(2.13) |
| ≥75 | 383 (32.4) | 145(21.0) | 73.7 (2.29) | 26.3 (2.29) |
| Bodily pain (BP) subdomain, R2a | ||||
| <25 | 79 (6.7) | 133 (19.3) | 38.1 (4.80) | 61.9 (4.80) |
| 25 to < 50 | 223 (18.9) | 231 (33.5) | 48.4 (3.02) | 51.7 (3.02) |
| 50 to < 75 | 267 (22.6) | 135 (19.6) | 64.6 (2.93) | 35.4 (2.93) |
| ≥75 | 612(51.8) | 191 (27.7) | 76.2 (1.88) | 23.8 (1.88) |
| Role physical (RP) subdomain, R2a | ||||
| <25 | 118(10.0) | 153 (22.2) | 41.3(3.93) | 58.7 (3.93) |
| 25 to < 50 | 177(14.8) | 152(25.1) | 52.3 (3.39) | 47.7 (3.39) |
| 50 to < 75 | 526 (44.5) | 260 (37.7) | 68.0(2.16) | 32.0(2.16) |
| ≥75 | 360 (30.5) | 125(18.1) | 75.2(2.31) | 24.8(2.31) |
| Physical functioning (PF) subdomain, R2a | ||||
| <25 | 182 (15.4) | 192 (27.8) | 48.9 (2.88) | 51.1 (2.88) |
| 25 to < 50 | 117 (9.9) | 111 (16.1) | 47.7 (4.50) | 52.3 (4.50) |
| 50 to < 100 | 484 (41.0) | 251 (36.4) | 67.3 (2.25) | 32.7 (2.25) |
| 100 | 398 (33.7) | 136 (19.7) | 75.0 (2.38) | 25.0 (2.38) |
| Health-related quality of life, R2a | ||||
| MCS12 | ||||
| 0 to<30 | 69 (5.8) | 79 (11.5) | 47.9 (4.80) | 52.1 (4.80) |
| 30 to < 40 | 165 (14.0) | 116 (16.8) | 57.7 (4.28) | 42.3 (4.28) |
| 40 to < 45 | 123 (10.4) | 75 (10.9) | 65.0 (4.09) | 35.0 (4.09) |
| 45 to < 50 | 170 (14.4) | 93 (13.5) | 64.9 (3.65) | 35.2 (3.65) |
| 50 to < 55 | 208 (17.6) | 119 (17.3) | 65.7 (3.01) | 34.3 (3.01) |
| 55 to < 60 | 258 (21.9) | 127 (18.4) | 67.7 (2.86) | 32.3 (2.86) |
| ≥60 | 188 (15.9) | 81 (11.7) | 67.4 (3.58) | 32.6 (3.58) |
| PCS 12 | ||||
| 0 to<25 | 130 (11.0) | 173 (25.1) | 39.8 (3.21) | 60.3 (3.21) |
| 25 to < 35 | 212 (18.0) | 180 (26.1) | 56.4 (2.69) | 43.6 (2.69) |
| 35 to < 40 | 165 (14.0) | 103 (14.9) | 61.4(3.74) | 38.6 (3.74) |
| 40 to < 45 | 173 (14.7) | 71 (10.3) | 72.4 (3.53) | 27.6 (3.53) |
| 45 to < 50 | 155 (13.1) | 54 (7.8) | 72.1 (4.16) | 27.9(4.16) |
| 50 to < 55 | 200 (16.9) | 65 (9.4) | 75.1 (3.08) | 24.9 (3.08) |
| ≥55 | 146 (12.4) | 44 (6.4) | 78.7 (3.36) | 21.3 (3.36) |
NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
a
R2 = derived from round 2 of the MEPS survey