Table 1. Summary of modelling perspectives of the WHO goals for gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT).

Current WHO Goal (2020 Goal)	Elimination as a public health problem (EPHP). Indicators: (a) <2000 cases globally; and (b) >90% reduction in areas reporting >1 case/10,000 people in 2016–2020 compared to 2000–2004.
Proposed WHO Goal (2030 Goal)	Elimination of transmission (EOT). Indicators: (a) zero reported cases; (b) 90% reduction in high and moderate risk areas relative to 2020 baseline; and (c) >50% and >95% of at-risk populations <1 hour and <5 hours from a health facility with gHAT diagnostics, respectively.
Is the new target technically feasible under the current disease strategy?	The target may be technically feasible using existing tools but perhaps not under the current strategy. EOT may require a step change in the level of surveillance and the use of additional controls (such as door-to-door screening or vector control) in persistent regions. Continued use of existing rapid diagnostic tests, together with 2030 health facility targets, will help case detection. New drugs should improve compliance and ease of treatment.
If not, what is required to achieve the target?	New rapid diagnostic tests, together with 2030 health facility targets, will help case detection. New drugs should improve compliance and ease of treatment. Novel targeted surveillance approaches may be needed close to elimination.
Are current tools able to reliably measure the target?	Existing diagnostics may be sufficient, based on currently reported diagnostic characteristics. However, (i) the indicator of zero reported cases does not imply that the goal of EOT has been reached, (ii) sensitivity could change based on future variation of circulating parasites, and (iii) new tools could improve throughput for large-scale, high-specificity surveillance and/or the ability to detect cryptic human or animal reservoirs.
What are the biggest unknowns?	Prevalence of infection in regions that have never had active surveillance. The role of asymptomatic infections and animal reservoirs as elimination is approached.
What are the biggest risks?	Lack of participation in surveillance at a range of scales. Inability to screen and treat due to conflict. Reduction in controls, particularly passive surveillance, once zero cases are reported locally.