Table 1.
Case series and case reports of SSS stenting.
| References | N | Indication | Stent model and dimensions | Implant location | Antithrombotic regimen | Outcome and complications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Raper et al. (42) | 19 | Non-thrombotic veno-occlusive disease. | Stent models not specified. Stent diameters of 8 and 10 mm. Total length of stent constructs ranged from 60 to 180 mm. |
One, two or three stents deployed in tandem in proximal SSS (posterior to vein of Trolard). In 12 patients the stent construct spanned into the traverse sinus. In 6 patients the stent construct spanned into the sigmoid sinus. | 7 days of premedication with aspirin and clopidogrel. Intravenous heparin 100 units/kg during procedure. | No intraprocedural complications. Two patients developed femoral artery pseudoaneurysm at arterial puncture site. All stents remained patent and no patients had junctional SSS stenosis distal to the stent construct, at a mean follow-up of 5.2 months. |
| Matsumoto et al. (43) | 1 | CVST of SSS | ENTERPRISE Vascular Reconstruction Device (Codman & Shurtleff, Johnson & Johnson). Diameter 4.5 mm. | Three stents placed in tandem in posterior SSS | Intravenous heparin to achieve an APTT of 250-300 seconds. Postoperative anticoagulation for three months (agent not specified). | SSS patent at 3 months. No recurrence of CVST at 3 year follow-up. |
| Matsumoto et al. (44) | 2 | CVST of SSS | ENTERPRISE VRD. Diameter not specified | Two stents placed in tandem in posterior SSS. | Preoperative anticoagulation. aspirin 200 mg and clopidogrel 300 mg load on table. Anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy continued postoperatively. | SSS patent at long-term follow-up (2 years in first patient and 1.5 years in second patient). |
| Ohara et al. (45) | 1 | Occlusion of posterior third of SSS in setting of dural arteriovenous fistulas. | Carotid WALLSTENT (Boston Scientific). Length 21 mm, diameter 8 mm. | Three stents placed in tandem in posterior SSS. | Intravenous heparin during procedure and aspirin loading dose on table. No postoperative antithrombotics. | SSS patent at 3 months follow-up |
| Entezami et al. (46) | 1 | SSS stenosis due to external compression by parasagittal meningioma | Carotid WALLSTENT Length 21 mm, diameter 8 mm. | Single stent in posterior third of SSS. | Seven days of 325 mg daily aspirin preoperatively, continued for 6 months postoperatively, followed by 81 mg daily aspirin indefinitely. | SSS patent at 3 months follow-up. |
| Ganesan et al. (47) | 1 | SSS stenosis due to external compression by parasagittal meningioma | Omnilink.018 balloon-mounted stent. Diameter not specified. | Single stent in posterior SSS. | Intravenous heparin during procedure. Warfarin postoperatively for 8 weeks, then indefinite aspirin. | SSS patent at 14 months follow-up. |
APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; CVST, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis; SSS, superior sagittal sinus; VRD, vascular reconstruction device.