Table 2.

Venous stenosis and occlusion rates following transvenous pacemaker or defibrillator lead insertion.

References	Number of patients and follow-up duration	Definition of stenosis	Baseline stenosis/occlusion rate	New stenosis/occlusion rate
Oginosawa et al. (33)	Total 131 patients. Baseline DSV performed in all. Post implantation DSV performed in 79 patients, mean follow-up 44 ± 6 months	Venous narrowing > 60% of the maximal diameter of the vessel, measured distal to the stenosis site	Stenosis: 6.8% Occlusion: 6.8%	Stenosis: 13.2% Occlusion: 6.2%
Abu-El-Haija et al. (32)	Total 150 patients. Baseline DSV performed in all. Post implantation DSV performed in 136 patients at 6 months	Maximum (Dmax) and minimum (Dmin) diameters were measured. Stenosis defined as Dmin/Dmax < 0.4 and Dmin less than 5th centile of all Dmax	Stenosis: 5% Occlusion: 0%	Stenosis: 10% Occlusion 3.6%