Table 1.
Characteristics at baseline and at follow-up (N = 383)
| Characteristics | Baseline | Follow-Up | P Value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographics | |||
| Age, yr, mean (SD; range) | 40.8 (12.4; 18–71) | 44.6 (12.3; 22–75) | — |
| Sex, M, n (%) | 257 (67.1) | ||
| Race, white, n (%) | 360 (94.0) | ||
| Education level, college or higher, n (%) | 171 (44.7) | 164 (45.2) | 0.31 |
| Full-time employed, n (%) | 256 (66.8) | 238 (65.6) | 0.74 |
| Income >$2,500/mo, n (%) | — | 225 (62.5) | — |
| Current e-cigarette use behaviors | |||
| Exclusive e-cigarette use, n (%) | 300 (83.6) | 308 (85.8) | 0.53 |
| Poly-use (e-cigarettes + any other tobacco products), n (%) | 56 (15.6) | 47 (13.1) | 0.40 |
| Daily e-cigarette use in the past 28 d or 30 d (SD)† | 342 (89.3) | 345 (90.1) | 0.64 |
| Mean e-cigarettes use times per day (SD) | 25.1 (34.7) | 20.7 (23.1) | 0.02 |
| Mean PSECDI (SD) | 8.6 (3.4) | 8.2 (3.9) | 0.03 |
| E-cigarette flavor use behaviors | |||
| Median number of flavors ever used (interquartile range) | NA | 10 (10–50) | — |
| Number of flavors used on a regular basis | NA | ||
| One | — | 4 (1.8) | — |
| Two or three | — | 127 (57.5) | — |
| Four or more | — | 90 (40.7) | — |
| Preferred flavor | |||
| Tobacco | 102 (26.6) | 43 (11.2) | <0.0001 |
| Menthol or mint | 52 (13.6) | 42 (11.0) | 0.09 |
| Fruit | 91 (23.8) | 89 (23.2) | 0.84 |
| Chocolate/candy or other sweets | 63 (16.5) | 113 (29.5) | <0.0001 |
| Beverage | 29 (7.6) | 25 (6.5) | 0.53 |
| Clove or spice | 16 (4.2) | 24 (6.3) | 0.16 |
| Alcoholic drink | 10 (2.6) | 12 (3.1) | 0.65 |
| All other flavors | 20 (5.2) | 35 (9.1) | 0.03 |
| Having had a bad reaction to liquid flavor(s), yes vs. no | NA | 26 (6.9) | — |
| Ever used popcorn-flavored e-cigarette liquid or any e-cigarette flavor containing diacetyl | NA | 90 (23.7) | — |
| Ever used cinnamon-flavored e-cigarette liquid or any e-cigarette flavor containing cinnamaldehyde or 2-methoxicinnamaldehyde | NA | 121 (31.8) | — |
Definition of abbreviations: NA = questions were not comparable in the baseline survey; PSECDI = Penn State Electronic Cigarette Dependence Index; SD = standard deviation.
Boldface indicates statistical significance (P < 0.05).
*
Paired t test or McNemar test P values to examine changes in characteristics between baseline and follow-up surveys.
†
In the baseline survey, participants were asked to report the number of e-cigarette use days in the past 28 days; in the follow-up survey, participants were asked to report the number of e-cigarette use days in the past 30 days.