Table 1. Transformation efficiency of hairy roots.

Vector backbone	Inserted gene	Type of infected explants	Infected explants [a]	Explants with emerged hairy roots [b]	Rate of root emergence [b/a]	Elongated hairy roots [c]	Transgenic hairy roots [d]	Transformation efficiency [d/c]
pBI121	GFPh	Stem	83	42	51%	51 (35)	33 (28)	65%
		Leaf	66	7	11%	11 (7)	6 (5)	55%
pBin19	LeDI2-GFP	Stem	34	5	15%	4 (3)	2 (2)	50%
		Leaf	42	5	12%	6 (5)	2 (2)	33%
pRI201AN	LeDI2-GFP	Stem	58	15	26%	24 (15)	2 (2)	8%
		Leaf	39	9	23%	7 (7)	5 (5)	71%

The rate of root emergence (%) was calculated by dividing the number of explants with emerged hairy roots (b) by the number of infected explants (a). Transformation efficiency (%) was calculated by dividing the number of transgenic hairy roots (d) by the number of elongated hairy roots (c). Total numbers of hairy roots are listed in the columns “Elongated hairy roots” and “Transgenic hairy roots”. Numbers of explants with elongated hairy roots and those with elongated transgenic hairy roots are listed in parentheses of (c) and (d), respectively. The number of replication in this experiment is one time.