Table 2.
Sample Characteristics at Baseline Assessment by Follow-up Status.
| Healthy Controls (n = 205) | CHR Remitted (n = 134) | CHR Symptomatic (n = 130) | CHR Progressed (n = 124) | CHR Converted (n = 69) | Test | p | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years); mean (SE)1 | 20.33 | (0.33) | 18.31 | (0.39) | 19.55 | (0.38) | 19.51 | (0.43) | 18.52 | (0.44) | F = 5.04a | 0.001 |
| Sex (female); n (%) | 101 | (49.3) | 62 | (46.3) | 55 | (42.3) | 50 | (40.3) | 27 | (39.1) | χ2=3.99 | 0.407 |
| Ethnicity; n (%) | ||||||||||||
| White | 113 | (55.1) | 77 | (57.5) | 72 | (55.4) | 70 | (56.5) | 35 | (50.7) | χ2=9.97 | 0.619 |
| Black African/Caribbean | 37 | (18.1) | 19 | (14.2) | 30 | (23.1) | 19 | (15.3) | 11 | (15.9) | ||
| Asian/Middle Eastern | 23 | (11.2) | 12 | (9.0) | 8 | (6.2) | 9 | (7.3) | 9 | (13.0) | ||
| Other2 | 32 | (15.6) | 26 | (19.4) | 20 | (15.4) | 26 | (21.0) | 14 | (20.3) | ||
| Current antipsychotic use; n (%) | 0 | (0.0) | 23 | (17.4) | 18 | (13.9) | 13 | (10.7) | 12 | (17.4) | χ2 = 36.66a,b,c,d | <0.001 |
| Current psychotropic use; n (%)3 | 2 | (1.0) | 46 | (34.8) | 48 | (36.9) | 36 | (30.0) | 20 | (29.0) | χ2= 83.33a,b,c,d | 0.001 |
| Cannabis use ever: n (%) | 85 | (41.5) | 64 | (48.1) | 76 | (58.5) | 76 | (61.3) | 40 | (58.8) | χ2 = 17.61b,c,d,f | 0.001 |
| No. days between assessments; median (IQR)4 | ||||||||||||
| Cortisol and daily stressors | 0 | (14) | 0 | (14) | 0 | (6) | 0 | (14) | 0 | (7) | KW χ2=5.47 | 0.243 |
| Cortisol and life events | 1 | (21) | 1 | (15) | 0 | (9) | 1 | (20) | 1 | (9) | KW χ2=4.68 | 0.321 |
| Cortisol and trauma | 2 | (24) | 1 | (15) | 2 | (13) | 6 | (22.5) | 3 | (19) | KW χ2=8.48 | 0.076 |
CHR: Clinical high-risk; IQR: interquartile range; KW: Kruskal Wallis (with adjustment for ties).
1Descriptive statistics provided for raw (untransformed) age variable with statistical tests performed on log-transformed variable.
2Includes First Nations, Central/South American, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, and interracial.
3Includes any non-antipsychotic psychotropic medication.
4Represents imputed variable (missing data replaced with sample median).
Missing data: current antipsychotic use (n=7); current psychotropic use (n=7). Bold font indicates p < 0.05 for effect of group status. Pair-wise comparisons p <0.05: a Controls vs. CHR Remitted; b Controls vs. CHR Symptomatic; c Controls vs. CHR Progressed; d Controls vs. CHR Converted; e CHR Remitted vs. CHR Symptomatic; f CHR Remitted vs. CHR Progressed; g CHR Remitted vs. CHR Converted; h CHR Symptomatic vs. CHR Progressed; i CHR Symptomatic vs. CHR Converted; j CHR Progressed vs. CHR Converted.