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. 2020 Apr 24;11:511. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00511

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Copyright © 2020 Udawatte, Kang, Wang, Arumugam and Seneviratne

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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mRNA levels of HaVcr-1/Kim-1 and CASP3/Caspase-3 biomarkers in HK-2 cells after each compound treatment for 24 h. (A) HaVcr-1 mRNA and (B) CASP3 mRNA. Data are presented as mean standard deviation. Significantly difference ***P < 0.001 is depicted as "a" in the graphs, n>3 relative to control value as 1 (three independent assays with two technical replicates in each assay). Relatively higher gene expression of Havcr1, CASP3 at lower concentration (3μM) in AmB was observed compared to SM21 treatment groups (SM21 and its analogue) and voriconazole. HK-2, immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cell; AmB, Amphotericin B; SM21-A, SM21 Analogue; Vori, Voriconazole.