Table 3.
Clinical characteristics of kidney transplant patients according to outcome
| Kidney transplant patients who died (n = 6) | Kidney transplant patients who survived (n = 20) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | |||
| Age, yr | 70±13 | 58±13 | 0.070 |
| Sex, male (%) | 2 (33) | 10 (50) | 0.473 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | 0.234 | ||
| Caucasian | 6 (100) | 16 (80) | |
| Hispanic | 0 (0) | 4 (20) | |
| Asian | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 7 [4–8] | 4 [2–7] | 0.139 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 6 (100) | 18 (100) | 0.420 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 0 (0) | 6 (30) | 0.134 |
| Liver disease, n (%) | 0 (0) | 2 (10) | 0.585 |
| COPD, n (%) | 1 (17) | 1 (5) | 0.347 |
| Hypothyroidism, n (%) | 3 (50) | 4 (20) | 0.146 |
| Time from transplant, yr | 9 (6–15) | 7 (4–15) | 0.744 |
| Clinical presentation | |||
| Diagnosis delay from the onset of symptoms, d | 2 [1–8] | 4 [1–7] | 0.519 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 118±22 | 133±23 | 0.176 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 70±20 | 76±17 | 0.549 |
| Oxygen saturation ≤90%, n (%) | 3 (50) | 1 (5) | 0.007 |
| Fever, n (%) | 2 (33) | 10 (50) | 0.473 |
| Asthenia/myalgia | 0 (0) | 4 (20) | 0.234 |
| Nonproductive cough, n (%) | 3 (50) | 14 (70) | 0.366 |
| Productive cough, n (%) | 1 (17) | 5 (20) | 0.657 |
| Dyspnea, n (%) | 6 (100) | 9 (45) | 0.017 |
| GI symptoms, n (%) | 2 (33) | 8 (40) | 0.664 |
| Pneumonia severity scores | |||
| CURB-65 | 2.5±1.5 | 1.7±0.8 | 0.110 |
| SOAR | 2.8±0.7 | 0.8±0.6 | 0.001 |
| Laboratory | |||
| Serum creatinine, mg/dl | 1.9 [1.4–3.1] | 1.9 [1.5–2.3] | 0.929 |
| Serum albumin, g/dl | 3.5±0.6 | 3.8±0.3 | 0.420 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, IU/l | 372±74 | 295±98 | 0.089 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dl | 14 [13–28] | 10 [3.8–22] | 0.196 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 11.3±2.8 | 12.3±1.8 | 0.429 |
| Lymphocytes, per 1000/mm3 | 0.8 [0.5–3.6] | 0.7 [0.4–1.1] | 0.533 |
| D-dimer, ng/ml | 1282 [468–1782] | 947 [564–1282] | 0.573 |
| Chest radiology | |||
| Ground glass opacities, n (%) | 5 (83) | 11 (55) | 0.211 |
| Alveolar consolidations, n (%) | 2 (33) | 12 (60) | 0.250 |
| Bilateral involvement, n (%) | 4 (67) | 13 (65) | 0.940 |
| Pleural effusion, n (%) | 1 (17) | 2 (10) | 0.654 |
| Treatment regimens and outcomes | |||
| Hydroxychloroquine, n (%) | 4 (67) | 19 (95) | 0.057 |
| Lopinavir/Ritonavir, n (%) | 2 (33) | 5 (25) | 0.686 |
| Antibiotics, n (%) | |||
| Cephalosporins | 0 (0) | 14 (70) | 0.003 |
| Carbapenem | 2 (33) | 9 (45) | 0.612 |
| Macrolides | 0 (0) | 15 (75) | 0.002 |
| Linezolid | 0 (0) | 2 (10) | 0.420 |
| Steroids, n (%) | 3 (50) | 9 (45) | 0.829 |
| i.v. Ig, n (%) | 2 (33) | 4 (20) | 0.428 |
| Tocilizumab, n (%) | 2 (33) | 3 (15) | 0.322 |
| Prophylactic anticoagulation, n (%) | 1 (17) | 15 (75) | 0.015 |
| ARDS, n (%) | 5 (83) | 5 (25) | 0.010 |
ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; BP, blood pressure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GI, gastrointestinal.