Table 2.

HDAC Inhibitors used in neurodegenerative disease models and their effect.

		HDAC inhibitors used	Effect of HDAC inhibitors treatment	References
Neurological Disease Models	ALS	Valproic acid, Trichostatin A 4-Phenyl Butyrate 4-Phenylbutyrate + Antioxidant Valproic acid + Lithiun 4-Phenybutyrate + Riluzole	Reestablished CBP loss and histone hypoacetylation Suppressed motor neuronal death Improved motor function and survival of neurons	Sugai et al., 2004; Ryu et al., 2005; Petri et al., 2006; Rouaux et al., 2007; Del Signore et al., 2009; Yoo and Ko, 2011
	AD	Sodium butyrate, Vorinostat 4-phenylbutyrate, Valproic acidNicotinamide, Tubastatin A ACY-125	Reestablished hypo acetylation Decreased Aβ plaque number and improved memory deficit Enhanced tubulin acetylation, reduced production and facilitated autophagic clearance of Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau Reversed spatial memory deficits	Fischer et al., 2007; Green et al., 2008; Kim et al., 2008; Qing et al., 2008; Guan et al., 2009; Ricobaraza et al., 2009; Noh and Seo, 2014; Zhang et al., 2014
	SMA	Vorinostat, 4-Phenylbutyrate Nicotinamide	Increased SMN2 expression Increase histone acetylation Improved survival and motor pathology Increased induced Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and BDNF	Chang et al., 2001; Brichta et al., 2003; Sumner et al., 2003; Andreassi et al., 2004; Hahnen et al., 2006; Avila et al., 2007; Hauke et al., 2009; Riessland et al., 2010
	HD	Vorinostat, Trichostatin A Sodium Butyrate 4-Phenylbutyrate HDACi 4b, Tubacin RGFP966 + Pimelic diphenylamine LBH589	Normalized striatal atrophy and degeneration Restored histone hypoacetylation and transcriptional dysfunction Increased vesicular transport of BDNF and improved motor performance and survival	Steffan et al., 2001; Ferrante et al., 2003; Hockly et al., 2003; Bates et al., 2006; Dompierre et al., 2007; Sadri-Vakili et al., 2007; Pallos et al., 2008; Thomas et al., 2008
	PD	Valproic acid, Tubastatin A 4-Phenyl Butyrate, M-275 Sodium Butyrate, Trichostatin A	Reduction in dopaminergic death Increased acetylation of α-tubulin Increased GDNF and BDNF expression Improved sensorimotor reflexes and locomotor impairments	Gardian et al., 2004; Chen et al., 2006; Kontopoulos et al., 2006; Wang et al., 2009; Lu et al., 2013; Wu et al., 2013; Choong et al., 2016; Pinho et al., 2016
	MS	Trichostatin A, ITF2357 SAHA	Reduction in spinal cord inflammatory infiltrates, demyelination and axonal loss increase in number of motor neurons in the ventral horn Improvement in neuronal pathology	Camelo et al., 2005; Lillico et al., 2018; Sun et al., 2018

HDAC, Histone deacetylases; ALS, Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis; AD, Alzheimer's disease; SMA, Spinal Muscular Atrophy; HD, Huntington's disease; PD, Parkinson's disease; MS, Multiple Sclerosis; SAHA, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid.