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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Feb 10.
Published in final edited form as: Neuroscience. 2019 Dec 14;427:29–42. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.11.046

Figure 5. Effects of aging on sleep-wake stability in male and female Fischer-344 rats.

Figure 5.

The number (mean ± SEM) of AW (A), QW (B), nonREM sleep (C), and REM sleep (D) episodes per 12h during the dark-phase (marked by dark line) and light phase in young male and female and old male and female rats. Overall, both old male and female rats exhibited significant waking instability as marked by increases in short duration and decreases in long duration bouts of AW and sleep intrusion as marked by increased frequency of nonREM and REM sleep episodes during the dark-phase. On the contrary, during the light-phase, both old male and female rats exhibited sleep disruption as marked by increased number of short duration and decreased number of long and extra-long bouts of nonREM and REM sleep; and waking intrusions as marked by increased frequency of AW and QW bouts. However, these adverse effects of aging were largely comparable in both young and old male and female rats. *, p <0.05; **, p <0.01 (Two Way ANOVA followed by Holm-Sidak test).