Table 1.
Patient characteristics at baseline by sex and age category
| All patients | Men | Women | P-value | <75 years | ≥75 years | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 28 812) | (n = 23 156) | (n = 5656) | (n = 21 753) | (n = 7059) | |||
| Men | 23 156 (80.4%) | 23 156 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 18 035 (82.9%) | 5121 (72.5%) | ||
| Women | 5656 (19.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5656 (100.0%) | <0.001 | 3718 (17.1%) | 1938 (27.5%) | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 67.4 (9.2) | 67.0 (9.1) | 69.4 (9.3) | <0.001 | 63.8 (7.5) | 78.5 (2.9) | <0.001 |
| 68.0 (23.0; 94.0) | 68.0 (23.0; 93.0) | 71.0 (32.0; 94.0) | 65.0 (23.0; 74.0) | 78.0 (75.0; 94.0) | |||
| Age category | |||||||
| 18–74 years | 21 753 (75.5%) | 18 035 (77.9%) | 5656 (65.7%) | 21 753 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| ≥75 years | 7059 (24.5%) | 5121 (22.1%) | 1938 (34.3%) | <0.001 | 0 (0.0%) | 7059 (100.0%) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.4 (4.1) | 27.4 (3.9) | 27.6 (4.8) | 0.44 | 27.8 (4.1) | 26.4 (3.7) | <0.001 |
| n = 26 426 | n = 21 238 | n = 5188 | n = 19 979 | n = 6447 | |||
| Left ventricular ejection fraction | |||||||
| Normal | 19 930 (69.2%) | 15 900 (68.7%) | 4030 (71.3%) | <0.001 | 15 364 (70.6%) | 4566 (64.7%) | <0.001 |
| <50% | 8637 (30.0%) | 7056 (30.5%) | 1581 (28.0%) | 6190 (28.5%) | 2447 (34.7%) | ||
| Unknown | 245 (0.9%) | 200 (0.9%) | 45 (0.8%) | 199 (0.9%) | 46 (0.7%) | ||
| eGFR category (mL/min/1.73 m2) | |||||||
| ≥90 | 7634 (26.5%) | 6554 (28.3%) | 1080 (19.1%) | <0.001 | 7444 (34.2%) | 190 (2.7%) | <0.001 |
| 60–<90 | 15 619 (54.2%) | 12 664 (54.7%) | 2955 (52.2%) | 11 286 (51.9%) | 4333 (61.4%) | ||
| 30–<60 | 4610 (16.0%) | 3226 (13.9%) | 1384 (24.5%) | 2334 (10.7%) | 2276 (32.2%) | ||
| 15–<30 | 281 (1.0%) | 185 (0.8%) | 96 (1.7%) | 156 (0.7%) | 125 (1.8%) | ||
| <15 | 198 (0.7%) | 150 (0.6%) | 48 (0.8%) | 173 (0.8%) | 25 (0.4%) | ||
| Unknown | 470 (1.6%) | 377 (1.6%) | 93 (1.6%) | 360 (1.7%) | 110 (1.6%) | ||
| Indication for surgery | |||||||
| Stable coronary disease | 11 663 (40.5%) | 9630 (41.6%) | 2033 (35.9%) | <0.001 | 9167 (42.1%) | 2496 (35.4%) | <0.001 |
| Unstable angina | 7939 (27.6%) | 6324 (27.3%) | 1615 (28.6%) | 0.063 | 6009 (27.6%) | 1930 (27.3%) | 0.66 |
| Non-STEMI | 7324 (25.4%) | 5666 (24.5%) | 1658 (29.3%) | <0.001 | 5158 (23.7%) | 2166 (30.7%) | <0.001 |
| STEMI | 1886 (6.5%) | 1536 (6.6%) | 350 (6.2%) | 0.24 | 1419 (6.5%) | 467 (6.6%) | 0.80 |
| Comorbidities at baseline | |||||||
| Myocardial infarction | 15 674 (54.4%) | 12 420 (53.6%) | 3254 (57.5%) | <0.001 | 11 433 (52.6%) | 4241 (60.1%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 8725 (30.3%) | 6741 (29.1%) | 1984 (35.1%) | <0.001 | 6837 (31.4%) | 1888 (26.7%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 20 203 (70.1%) | 15 802 (68.2%) | 4401 (77.8%) | <0.001 | 14 951 (68.7%) | 5252 (74.4%) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure | 6036 (20.9%) | 4713 (20.4%) | 1323 (23.4%) | <0.001 | 4045 (18.6%) | 1991 (28.2%) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 8073 (28.0%) | 6585 (28.4%) | 1488 (26.3%) | 0.001 | 5180 (23.8%) | 2893 (41.0%) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 2546 (8.8%) | 1988 (8.6%) | 558 (9.9%) | 0.003 | 1664 (7.6%) | 882 (12.5%) | <0.001 |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 2786 (9.7%) | 2040 (8.8%) | 746 (13.2%) | <0.001 | 2024 (9.3%) | 762 (10.8%) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 2729 (9.5%) | 2049 (8.8%) | 680 (12.0%) | <0.001 | 1843 (8.5%) | 886 (12.6%) | <0.001 |
| History of cancer | 3758 (13.0%) | 3043 (13.1%) | 715 (12.6%) | 0.33 | 2223 (10.2%) | 1535 (21.7%) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 14 563 (50.5%) | 11 523 (49.8%) | 3040 (53.7%) | <0.001 | 11 442 (52.6%) | 3121 (44.2%) | <0.001 |
| Secondary prevention at baseline | |||||||
| Statins | 27 048 (93.9%) | 21 763 (94.0%) | 5285 (93.4%) | 0.14 | 20 541 (94.4%) | 6507 (92.2%) | <0.001 |
| β-Blockers | 26 210 (91.0%) | 21 007 (90.7%) | 5203 (92.0%) | 0.003 | 19 916 (91.6%) | 6294 (89.2%) | <0.001 |
| RAAS inhibitors | 20 993 (72.9%) | 16 797 (72.5%) | 4196 (74.2%) | 0.013 | 15 826 (72.8%) | 5167 (73.2%) | 0.48 |
| Platelet inhibitors | 26 802 (93.0%) | 21 538 (93.0%) | 5264 (93.1%) | 0.91 | 20 517 (94.3%) | 6285 (89.0%) | <0.001 |
For categorical variables, n (%) is presented. For continuous variables, mean (SD)/median (Min; Max)/n = is presented.
For comparison between groups, Fisher’s Exact test (lowest one-sided P-value multiplied by 2) was used for dichotomous variables; the Mantel–Haenszel χ2 test was used for ordered categorical variables; χ2 test was used for non-ordered categorical variables; and the Mann–Whitney U test was used for continuous variables.
eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; RAAS, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.