Table 2.
Crude mortality rates with 95% confidence interval based on time-updated exposure and adjusted effects of time-updated use of secondary prevention therapy on mortality evaluated by Cox regression
| Crude mortality rate without treatment | Crude mortality rate with treatment | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Per 100 person-years (95% CI) | Per 100 person-years (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
| P-value | P-value | P-value | |||
| Statins | 5.84 (5.51–6.18) | 2.21 (2.12–2.29) | 0.48 (0.45–0.52) | 0.51 (0.48–0.55) | 0.56 (0.52–0.60) |
| <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| β-Blockers | 3.33 (3.10–3.57) | 2.60 (2.51–2.69) | 0.90 (0.83–0.97) | 0.82 (0.75–0.88) | 0.97 (0.90–1.06) |
| 0.007 | <0.001 | 0.54 | |||
| RAAS inhibitors | 3.10 (2.94–3.28) | 2.56 (2.46–2.66) | 0.87 (0.81–0.93) | 0.70 (0.65–0.75) | 0.78 (0.73–0.84) |
| <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Platelet inhibitors | 5.57 (5.21–5.94) | 2.33 (2.25–2.42) | 0.55 (0.51–0.60) | 0.67 (0.62–0.72) | 0.74 (0.69–0.81) |
| <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Model 1 is adjusted for age and sex.
Model 2 is Model 1 additionally adjusted for following variables at baseline: body mass index category, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, previous stroke, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, previous myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, history of cancer, peripheral arterial disease, pulmonary hypertension, acute coronary syndrome or stable coronary artery disease as indication for CABG, left ventricular function, estimated glomerular filtration rate category (CKD-EPI formula), year of CABG.
Model 3 is Model 2 additionally adjusted for all other time-updated secondary prevention medications than the main effect variable.
CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CI, confidence interval; CKD-EPI, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration, HR, hazard ratio; RAAS, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system.