Table 1.
Characteristics of Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes
| Characteristic | Female | Male | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Individuals, n (%) | 85,690 (47.8) | 93,558 (52.2) | 179,248 (100) |
| Age when enrolled, mean (SD) | 35.7 (19.4) | 34.7 (18.6) | 35.2 (19.0) |
| Years enrolled, mean (SD) | 3.4 (3.2) | 3.4 (3.1) | 3.4 (3.1) |
| Residence, n (%) | |||
| New England, New Jersey | 4711 (5.5) | 5156 (5.5) | 9867 (5.5) |
| New York, Pennsylvania | 3905 (4.6) | 4393 (4.7) | 8298 (4.6) |
| Middle Atlantic | 8732 (10.2) | 9409 (10.1) | 18,141 (10.1) |
| Southeast | 15,991 (18.7) | 16,491 (17.6) | 32,482 (18.1) |
| Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky | 9683 (11.3) | 10,395 (11.1) | 20,078 (11.2) |
| North Central | 7524 (8.8) | 8860 (9.5) | 16,384 (9.1) |
| Middle Central | 8324 (9.7) | 9131 (9.8) | 17,455 (9.7) |
| South Central | 11,328 (13.2) | 12,172 (13.0) | 23,500 (13.1) |
| Mountain | 8018 (9.4) | 9060 (9.7) | 17,078 (9.5) |
| Pacific | 7474 (8.7) | 8491 (9.1) | 15,965 (8.9) |
| Concomitant autoimmune disease, n (%) | |||
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 2498 (2.9) | 1012 (1.1) | 3510 (2.0) |
| Celiac disease | 1944 (2.3) | 1328 (1.4) | 3272 (1.8) |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | 823 (1.0) | 762 (0.8) | 1585 (0.9) |
| Pernicious anemia | 772 (0.9) | 415 (0.4) | 1187 (0.7) |
| Hypothyroidism | 25,764 (30.1) | 14,004 (15.0) | 39,768 (22.2) |
| Graves' disease | 1400 (1.6) | 665 (0.7) | 2065 (1.2) |
| Addison's disease | 501 (0.6) | 348 (0.4) | 849 (0.5) |
| Psoriasis | 1372 (1.6) | 1191 (1.3) | 2563 (1.4) |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 584 (0.7) | 113 (0.1) | 697 (0.4) |
| Multiple sclerosis | 455 (0.5) | 200 (0.2) | 655 (0.4) |
| Sjogren's syndrome | 346 (0.4) | 60 (0.1) | 406 (0.2) |
| Myasthenia gravis | 85 (0.1) | 57 (0.1) | 142 (0.1) |
SD, standard deviation.