(a) Oleanolic acid biosynthesis pathway from 2,3-oxidosqualene. (b-j) GC/QTOF-MS confirms β-amyrin production by GhBAS, and oleanolic acid production by CYP716A147 and CYP716A48. (b, d) Total ion chromatograms of strains expressing GhBAS, CYP716A147 and CYP716A48, with control strains expressing GgBAS or empty vector, and a mixture of ergosterol, β-amyrin, erythrodiol and oleanolic acid standards at 50 μg/mL. (c) Mass spectra of the GhBAS β-amyrin peak matched to the standard. (e-h) Mass spectra of erythrodiol and oleanolic acid peaks from the CYP716A strains matched to standards. (i-j) Mass spectra of predicted oleanolic aldehyde peaks matched those previously reported.