Fig. 3.
a. Quantification of IAPS impacts in terms of economic loss driven by environmental alterations in terms of socio-ecological/economic aspects of human well-being of different countries e,g. United states, China, Africa European Union, South East (SE) Asia. Source [(Office of Technology Assessment (1993); Duncan et al., 2004, Xu et al., 2006, McGeoc, et al., 2010, Nghiem et al., 2013; Shackleton (2017); Sileshi et al. (2019)];Fig. 3b. An IAPS Ambrosia artemisiifolia common ragweed) of (high risk in European Union (EU) with tremendous pollen production potential, causing human health hazards through allergy; the economic quantification of treatment costs are presented in relation to evaluated data from certain countries of EU; management perspectives tends bring trans-disciplinary researchers on common platform as its pollen biology, invasive potential in context of climate change, restoration aspects, public health hazards are tightly linked with each other.