Table 1.

Sharing Economy Usage within the Different Industry Sectors.

Industry Sector	Sharing Economy Usage Shares (2017)	Comments
Media and Entertainment	28%	The highest-adopting sector of sharing economy business models and operational methods includes such firms as Apple, Spotify, Vimeo, Soundcloud, Microsoft, Youtube, Netflix and many others. These industry players have achieved high capitalization and well-known capabilities for competing in a variety of newly-vulnerable markets (Clemons et al., 2003).
Accommodation and Hospitality	20%	This sector has seen management changes and the entry of new intermediaries, such as Hotels.com, Airbnb, Booking,.com, Priceline, Vrbo, HomeAway, Hostelz, Hostelworlds, and Hotwire. The incumbent firms in the sector were once again the targets of new technology-based and information-based strategies that rendered them vulnerable to new entrants with modern tech infrastructures and new customer profitability gradients that could be exploited with innovative ways to acquire once-inaccessible customer data and information (Granados et al., 2008).
Transportation	19%	The consumer side of this sector has been transformed due to ride-hailing, delivery-request, airline ticket booking, and car-sharing platform players, such as Didi Chixing, Uber, Lyft, Grab Taxi, RVShare, Orbitz, Expedia, Priceline, and Travelocity, among others. The markets in which these firm operate have also been subject to tremendous competitive pressures on the incumbent taxi, car delivery and other transport services-sharing companies (Guo et al., 2019)
Retail and Consumer Goods	19%	The original player to transform this market space was eBay, which created a multi-sided market platform model that has been extensively adapted to implement “eBay of blank” opportunities for new entrants to participate in many market settings (Chircu et al., 2000). The difference today is that the main changes in the market have involved sellers of second-hand clothing and fashion, books, and a variety of electronics and computer equipment, such as Etsy, Bag Borrow and Steal, and Gwinnie Bee, among others.
Services	14%	Just as we have seen Airbnb’s business model take hold in the sharing economy for hospitality, so too is there an “Airbnb of X” phenomenon that has been at work in other service sectors, such as babysitting and childcare (Babierge, UrbanSitters), labor sourcing (Elance, Fiverr), space (Roomarama, WeWork), pet services (ShareYourPet) and food delivery (UberEats), etc. This sector offers many opportunities for entrepreneurs but is highly competitive due to the differentiated nature of the assets and specific services that are provided, excepting crowdsourcing of loans and capital.
Finance	11%	The Fintech Revolution has resulted in many new financial services entries that have built business models around sharing economy concepts, including crowdsourced capital, P2P loans, microfinance and other payments-related activities (Gomber et al., 2018). Some of the leading firms include Kiva, Klarna, TransferWise, Lending.com, Prosper, Funding Circle, Kickstarter, Patreon, GoFundMe, and others.
Machinery	10%	This is a somewhat less well-known section that involves B2B sharing as opposed to P2P or B2C sharing economy plays. The sharing economy functionality of firms in this sector is much less well-developed. Some leading players for machine and production mechanism sharing include V-Industry, Fabrikado, KlickRent, and Yard Club (Eschberger, 2020).
Note: Partly adapted based on data from Beutin (2017).