Terms	Definitions and Descriptions	Sources
Access economy	Competition between companies doesn’t hinge on which platform provides the most social interaction and community, contrary to current sharing economy rhetoric. Consumers think about access differently than about ownership. A successful business model consists of convenient and cost-effective access to valued resources, flexibility, and freedom from financial, social, and emotional obligations in ownership and sharing.	Eckhardt and Bardi (2015)
Asymmetric information	In economics, this term describes settings in which the parties to a potential transaction have access to different information, which creates an imbalance in their relative power such that they may be reluctant to transact with one another due to problems with trust. Less-than-best market transparency often leads to problems of adverse selection and moral hazard and diminishing information asymmetries will result in higher quality markets and more efficient economic exchange.	The Economist (2016)
Business models	What distinguishes sharing platforms from other digital intermediation in e-commerce is how organizational and market mechanisms are coordinate platform participation and generate value. There are four types: franchisers (tight control over participants / high rivalry among service suppliers), principals (tight control / low rivalry), gardeners (low control / low rivalry), and chaperones (low control / high rivalry).	Constantiou et al. (2017)
Car-sharing	In car-sharing, community members book cars by the hour or day, for short-distance trips, on a last-minute or advance self-serve basis, online via mobile apps anytime. In contrast, car-rental involves by making a booking transaction with a rental company by the day, week or month for any travel distance.	CarClub.com.sg (2020)
Carpooling	Carpooling refers to people who are strangers using mobile apps to connects to an intermediary’s platform to engage in a trust relationship to get transportation services.	BlaBlaCar (2020)
Collaborative consumption	In the sharing economy, the set of resource circulation systems, which enable consumers to both obtain and provide, temporarily or permanently, valuable resources or services through direct interaction with other consumers or through a mediator who uses a technology platform.	Ertz et al. (2016)
Customerprofitability gradient	A customer profitability gradient occurs in industry sectors for which extreme differences in the cost to serve a customer or their willingness to pay results in discernably different degrees of capability for sellers to earn economic profit.	Clemons (2019)
Dynamic pricing	Dynamic pricing (also known as surge pricing), is a strategic pricing process used by firms which hope to take advantage of the changing relationship between supply and demand in a change marketplace.	Chen and Sheldon (2016)
Gig economy	In a gig economy, temporary, flexible jobs are commonplace and companies tend toward hiring independent contractors and freelancers instead of full-time employees. A gig economy undermines the traditional economy of full-time workers who rarely change positions and instead focus on a lifetime career. This term gets its name from each piece of work being akin to an individual “gig.”	Investopedia, 2020, Kobie, 2018
Idle capacity	Sharing of idle capacity is central to the sharing economy, because it distinguishes the practice of sharing goods from offering on-demand personal services.	Frenken and Schor (2017)
Knowledge leakage	Knowledge leakage is due to employee, co-worker and partner opportunism, from loss of tech knowledge intended to stay within a firm’s boundariesl also may cause a weakened state in which the firm loses competitive advantage and industry position.	Frishammar et al. (2015)
Multi-sided platform	Multi-sided platforms are technologies, products or services that create value by enabling direct interactions between two or more customer or participant groups.	Hagiu (2014)
Newly-vulnerable market	Market becomes vulnerable if it is newly-easy to enter, as a result of regulatory, tech, or consumer preferences changes; as consumers become net-savvy, online shopping may threaten established mall operators and owners of large physical stores.	Clemons et al (2003)
Ownership	In traditional markets, consumers buy products to own them; in a sharing economy there is a greater emphasis on gaining access to their use by paying for temporary access-rights to a product, such as an audio book, online movie, or aggregator-based research journal articles. The key contrasts in today’s digital marketplaces are among owning, buying and renting both digital and physical assets (e.g., bicycles and cars).	Dervojeda et al. (2013)
Platform ecosystem	A platform ecosystem has a stable core (e.g., a smartphone OS) that mediates the relationship between a wide range of complements (e.g., music titles) and prospective end-users. When a market is composed of a platform and complements this way, there is a complex interplay in how each element of the bundle contributes to system value, and there are important interdependencies between the actions of members comprising the ecosystem. Relationships are not as independent as arms-length market contracts, nor as dependent as in a hierarchy, so this is a a hybrid organizational form.	Rietveld et al. (2019)
Sharing economy	Sharing of idle assets via technology platforms, to produce economic, environmental, social and practical benefits for participants in transactions and sharing exchanges.	Rinne (2018)