Table 2.
Baseline demographic and clinical presentation of 241 adult patients with encephalitis.
| Baseline demographic data | N (%) |
|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR) | 49 (33−63) |
| Male | 130/241 (54) |
| Race | |
|
73/241 (30.3) |
|
58/241 (24.1) |
|
52/241 (21.6) |
|
49/241 (20.3) |
|
9/241 (3.7) |
| Insurance | |
|
148/241 (61.4) |
|
52/241 (21.6) |
|
27/241 (11.2) |
|
14/241 (5.8) |
| Immunocompromiseda | 68/240 (28.3) |
| Days of illness prior to admission, median (IQR) | 5 (2−14) |
| IVDU | 5/194 (2.6) |
| Charlson scale, median (IQR) | 1 (0.4) |
| Clinical symptoms | |
| Fever (>38.5 C) | 143/236 (60.6) |
| Photophobia | 129/137 (94.2) |
| Seizureb | 104/239 (43.5) |
| Headache | 86/170 (50.6) |
| Respiratory symptomsc | 83/236 (35.2) |
| Nausea/Vomiting | 53/167 (31.7) |
| Neck stiffness | 18/137 (13.1) |
| Skin rashd | 16/123 (13) |
| Clinical signs | |
| Systolic blood pressure, median (IQR) | 130 (109−145) |
| Opening pressure >20 | 118/159 (74.2) |
| Focal neurological deficite | 108/238 (45.4) |
| GCS, median (IQR) | 14 (10−15) |
| GCS ≤ 13 | 79/239 (33) |
| GCS ≤ 8 | 50/239 (21) |
| Status epilepticus | 15/150 (10) |
| Nuchal rigidity | 18/110 (16·4) |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; IVDU, intravenous drug user; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale.
a
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive (n=36), recent chemotherapy due to malignancy (n=17), chronic immunosuppressive therapy due to autoimmune diseases (n=13) and solid organ transplantation (n=2).
b
Seizure within one week of the presentation.
c
Respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, rhinorrhea or sore throat.
d
Vesicular or petechial rash.
e
It includes dilated nonreactive pupil, abnormalities of ocular motility, abnormal visual fields, gaze palsy, arm or leg drift.