Table 3.

Laboratory findings and etiologies of encephalitis in 241 adult patients with encephalitis.

Laboratory findings	N (%)
Serum WBC, median, (range)a	6500 (1300−43500)
Serum glucose, median, mg/dl, (range)	110 (59−609)
CSF WBC, median, cells/mm3, (range)	30 (0−2500)
CSF lymphocyte percent (range)	83 (0−100)
CSF protein, median, mg/dl, (range)	76 (19−939)
CSF glucose, median, mg/dl, (range)	60 (1−253)
Leukopeniab	18 (7.5)
Thrombocytopeniac	34 (14.1)
Etiologies
Idiopathic	101 (41.9)
Virald	67 (27.8)
Autoimmunee	51 (21.2)
Bacterialf	15 (6.2)
Parasiticg	4 (1.7)
Fungalh	3 (1.2)

Abbreviations: WBC, white blood cells; mg/dl, milligram per deciliter; mm³, per cubic millimeter; WNV, west nile virus; HSV, herpes simplex virus; VZV, varicella zoster virus; CMV, cytomegalovirus; NMDA, N-methyl-d-aspartate; VGKC, voltage - gated potassium channel; TB, tuberculosis.

^aNumber of white blood count per microliter.

^bWhite blood count less than 4000 per microliter.

^cPlatelets count less than 150 per microliter.

^dThe distribution of causative viruses was as it follows: WNV (28), HSV (22), VZV (11), CMV (4) and Enterovirus (2).

^eThey were due to anti-NMDA (21), anti-VGKC (2) and the rest were due to other autoimmune diseases: Systemic lupus erythematosus (n=18), Sarcoidosis (n=7), Hashimoto's disease (n=2) and Rheumatoid arthritis (n=1).

^fBacterial causes were due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (4), Group A streptococcus (3), Streptococcus pneumoniae (2), Syphilis (2), Rickettsia spp (1), Brucella (1), Staphylococcus aureus (2).

^gToxoplasma gondii (n=4).

^hFungal etiologies include Cryptococcus neoformans (n=2) and Coccidioides immitis (n=1).